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. 2025 Jan 3;17(1):e76847.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.76847. eCollection 2025 Jan.

Breaking the Silence: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study Exploring the Attitude Towards Premenstrual Syndrome Among Adults in Perambalur District of Tamil Nadu, India

Vijay Anand V  1 , Neeraj V Mohandas  1 , C Brilly Swarna  1 , K Caroline Singh  1 , Abishek Jeevagan  1 , Sakthiyasree S V  1 , Samhitha P G  1 , Samyuktha S S  1 , S Santhosh Kumar  1 , Sasidharan S G  1
Affiliations

Breaking the Silence: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study Exploring the Attitude Towards Premenstrual Syndrome Among Adults in Perambalur District of Tamil Nadu, India

Vijay Anand V et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

Background Menstruation is a natural process crucial for female reproductive health. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is characterized by physical and emotional symptoms occurring before menstruation. Social and cultural factors significantly influence menstrual attitudes and PMS perception. Cultural norms and a lack of confidence during this phase may impede women's ability to lead innovation. This is where men can play a crucial role in driving change by actively engaging in menstrual health advocacy. By challenging restrictive practices and negative perceptions surrounding menstruation, men can contribute to better menstrual hygiene management. The objective of this study was to determine the independent predictors of attitude towards PMS among both male and female adult populations in Perambalur district, Tamil Nadu, India. Materials and methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2024 to October 2024. A pre-tested, structured questionnaire was utilized to assess the attitude towards PMS. The questions on attitude towards PMS were scored as per the recommendation of an expert committee. The data were entered into Microsoft Excel, numerically coded, and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 26. Descriptive statistics was used to characterize the study participants and was expressed in frequencies, percentages, and mean (±standard deviation (SD)). Independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to determine the significant difference between the mean attitude score and the independent variables. A multivariable linear regression model was used to determine the independent predictors of attitude score. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The study included a total of 281 study participants. The mean (±SD) age of the study participants' age was 32.21 (±8.64) years. The mean (±SD) attitude score among the study participants was 7.12 (±2.17). The independent predictors, which had a positive impact on attitude score, were as follows: (1) age groups (18-25 years, 26-35 years, and 36-45 years), (2) male gender (B = 0.77; 95% CI 0.28-1.27), (3) school education (B = 0.74; 95% CI 0.21-1.28). The independent predictor, which had a negative impact on attitude scores, was a rural area of residence (B = -0.53; 95% CI -1.07 to -0.26). Conclusion The attitude towards PMS is multifaceted. Interventions should address the gaps through multi-pronged approaches, including education, community awareness, and policy changes, while also considering broader social and environmental factors impacting menstrual health.

Keywords: attitude; knowledge; menstrual health; menstrual pain; premenstrual syndrome(pms).

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Conflict of interest statement

Human subjects: Consent for treatment and open access publication was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Institutional Ethical Committee of Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Medical College and Hospital issued approval IECHS/IRCHS/No.503. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Responses of the study participants to the questions on attitude towards premenstrual syndrome (PMS) (N = 281)
Figure 2
Figure 2. Symptoms recalled by the study participants as part of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) (N = 281)
*combination of different individual symptoms
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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