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. 2025 Jan 1;17(1):e76766.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.76766. eCollection 2025 Jan.

Serum Albumin and Uric Acid Levels in Hypertensive Patients: A Cross-Sectional Analysis From Central Tamil Nadu, South India

Rock B Dharmaraj  1 , Kirubakaran Thangavel  1 , Vijayapriya Indirajith  2 , Neethu George  1 , Ganesan Subramanyan  2 , Balaji S Mahendran  3 , Vibhulagavan Gnanamoorthy  1 , Neeraj V Mohandas  1 , Vijay Anand V  1 , Meera George  4
Affiliations

Serum Albumin and Uric Acid Levels in Hypertensive Patients: A Cross-Sectional Analysis From Central Tamil Nadu, South India

Rock B Dharmaraj et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

Introduction Hypertension represents a significant global health challenge, with an increasing incidence among adults. Despite the prominence of infectious diseases, non-communicable conditions like hypertension remain a silent yet critical health concern. Liver and kidney functions play crucial roles in blood pressure maintenance, with serum albumin and uric acid serving as key metabolic indicators. Objective The primary objective of this study is to analyze the association between serum albumin and uric acid levels in hypertensive patients aged 30-50 years. The secondary objective is to determine whether deranged serum albumin and uric acid levels are associated with other variables like body mass index and blood pressure values. Methods An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted between September and October 2021 at a hospital in Perambalur, Tamil Nadu, India. The study employed non-probability convenient sampling to recruit hypertensive patients aged 30-50 years. Participants with coronary artery disease, stroke, liver disease, renal failure, hyperuricemia, gout, diabetes mellitus, or taking medications that affect albumin or uric acid levels were excluded. Blood pressure measurements were taken after ensuring adequate rest, and 4 ml of venous blood was collected from each participant for biochemical analysis. Serum albumin and uric acid levels were determined using the analyzer. The data analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel and statistical software. The statistical significance of the findings was evaluated using appropriate statistical tests, providing a robust framework for understanding the metabolic associations in hypertension. Results The study population of 150 hypertensive patients demonstrated a majority of 88 (58.67%) aged over 40 years and 62 (41.33%) under 40 years. The gender distribution revealed 87 (58%) males and 63 (42% females). The mean systolic blood pressure was 158.2 mmHg, with a mean diastolic blood pressure of 94.73 mmHg, indicating moderate to severe hypertension. Biochemical analysis showed an average serum uric acid level of 6.41 mg/dL and a mean serum albumin level of 3.54 mg/dL. Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between elevated uric acid levels and decreased serum albumin levels (p < 0.05), suggesting a potential interrelationship between these metabolic markers in hypertensive patients. Conclusion The study establishes hyperuricemia and hypoalbuminemia as significant risk factors for hypertension development or pathogenesis. Early detection of these metabolic derangements may provide opportunities for preventive interventions and potential disease management strategies. The findings emphasize the importance of comprehensive biochemical assessment in understanding and mitigating hypertension risk.

Keywords: albumin level; association; hypertension and therapy; metabolic risk factors; observational cross-sectional study; serum uric acid level.

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Conflict of interest statement

Human subjects: Consent for treatment and open access publication was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Medical College Hospital issued approval IECHS/IRCHS/DSMCH/NO 36-2020. Ethics committee approval was obtained from the institutional ethics committee of Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Medical College, Perambalur (IECHS/IRCHS/DSMCH/NO 36-2020) before the start of the study. Informed written consent was obtained from the participants before the study by explaining the objectives, risks, and benefits of the study. All the methods were in line with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study participants did not receive any financial compensation for their participation. Both the respondents' anonymity and the confidentiality of the data were guaranteed. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: This work was supported by Indian Council of Medical Research as Short-Term Studentship 2020 with the reference ID : STS 2020 - 01776. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.

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Figure 1. Future treatment modalities
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