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Review
. 2025 Jan 17:15:1483512.
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1483512. eCollection 2024.

Molecular insights into the interplay between type 2 diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis: implications for endocrine health

Liyun Jiang  1 , Xia Song  1 , Li Yan  2 , Yali Liu  1 , Xiumei Qiao  1 , Wen Zhang  1
Affiliations
Review

Molecular insights into the interplay between type 2 diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis: implications for endocrine health

Liyun Jiang et al. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). .

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and osteoporosis are prevalent, interconnected chronic diseases that significantly impact global health. Understanding their complex biological relationship is crucial for improving patient outcomes and treatment strategies.

Method: This review examines recent research on the mechanisms linking T2DM with osteoporosis. It focuses on how abnormalities in bone metabolism, autophagy, ferroptosis, and vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms contribute to osteoporosis in T2DM patients.

Results: Our analysis indicates that T2DM is associated with reduced bone formation and increased bone resorption, which are influenced by hormonal changes, inflammation, and disrupted cellular signaling pathways. Additionally, increased perirenal fat thickness worsens osteoporosis through local inflammation and altered adipokine levels. VDR gene polymorphisms provide new molecular insights into this connection.

Conclusion: Addressing the identified mechanisms with targeted management strategies may improve bone health in individuals with T2DM. Future research should explore these associations in greater detail to develop more effective prevention and treatment strategies.

Keywords: autophagy; bone metabolism; ferroptosis; osteoporosis; perirenal fat thickness; type 2 diabetes mellitus; vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Complex biological connections and clinical implications between T2DM and osteoporosis.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Mechanisms of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance impacting osteogenic efficiency of BMSCs.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Diagram of ferroptosis mechanism in none cells and its role in T2DM-related osteoporosis.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Diagram of autophagy mechanism and regulatory strategies in T2DM-related osteoporosis.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Diagram of the mechanisms and impacts of perirenal fat thickness in T2DM-related osteoporosis.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Diagram of the mechanisms and impacts of VDR gene polymorphisms in T2DM-related osteoporosis.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Diagram of the mechanisms and impacts of mitochondrial defects in T2DM-related osteoporosis.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Comprehensive diagram of mechanisms related to T2DM and osteoporosis.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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