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. 2025 Sep 16;81(2):345-347.
doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaf052.

2024 Anal Cancer Screening Guidelines: Analysis of Clinical Performance and Use of High-Resolution Anoscopy in a Large Cohort of Persons With HIV

Michael Gaisa  1 , Ashish Deshmukh  2 , Keith Sigel  1 , Yuxin Liu  3
Affiliations

2024 Anal Cancer Screening Guidelines: Analysis of Clinical Performance and Use of High-Resolution Anoscopy in a Large Cohort of Persons With HIV

Michael Gaisa et al. Clin Infect Dis. .

Abstract

Recently published anal cancer screening guidelines recommend 5 strategies for high-risk populations using combinations of cytology and high-risk human papillomavirus testing. Based on data from 1223 persons with human immunodeficiency virus, all triage and cotesting strategies outperformed cytology alone. High-risk human papillomavirus testing improved specificity and reduced high-resolution anoscopy referrals, essential for guideline implementation.

Keywords: HIV; anal HSIL; anal cancer screening; anal cytology; anal high-risk HPV testing.

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Conflict of interest statement

Potential conflicts of interest. M. G. received payments from Merck for an unrelated educational event. A. D. provided consultation to Value Analytics Labs and Merck on unrelated projects. Y. L. received payments from THD America for an unrelated educational event. K. S. reports no potential conflicts.

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