Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2025 Dec;21(1):2462466.
doi: 10.1080/21645515.2025.2462466. Epub 2025 Feb 5.

Recent advances in immunotherapy targeting CETP proteins for atherosclerosis prevention

Wenhui Hu  1   2 , Han Feng  1   2 , Ying Liu  1   2 , Xiaoshuang Xu  2 , Ping Zhou  1   2 , Zhonghua Sun  1   2 , Xinyu Tao  1   2 , Jiahui Yang  1   2 , Jun Wu  3 , Chen Qu  1   2 , Zhengxia Liu  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Recent advances in immunotherapy targeting CETP proteins for atherosclerosis prevention

Wenhui Hu et al. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2025 Dec.

Abstract

Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) plays a key role in lipoprotein metabolism, and its activity has been linked to the risk of atherosclerosis (AS). CETP inhibitors, such as obicetrapib, represent a novel approach in immunotherapy to reduce the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) by targeting lipid metabolism. In addition, CETP vaccines are being explored as a novel strategy for the prevention and treatment of ASCVD by inducing the body to produce antibodies against CETP, which is expected to reduce CETP activity, thereby increasing high-density lipoproteins (HDL) levels. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the structure of CETP, the mechanisms of lipid transfer and the progress of immunotherapy in the last decade, which provides possible ideas for future development of novel drugs and optimization of immunization strategies.

Keywords: CETP; atherosclerosis; immunotherapy; inhibitor; vaccination.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Vollset SE, Ababneh HS, Abate YH, Abbafati C, Abbasgholizadeh R, Abbasian M, Abbastabar H, Abd Al Magied AHA, Abd ElHafeez S, Abdelkader A.. Burden of disease scenarios for 204 countries and territories, 2022–2050: a forecasting analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021. Lancet. 2024;403(10440):2204–11. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(24)00685-8. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Robinson JG, Heistad DD, Fox KAA.. Atherosclerosis stabilization with PCSK-9 inhibition: an evolving concept for cardiovascular prevention. Atherosclerosis. 2015;243(2):593–597. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.023. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Mangione CM, Barry MJ, Nicholson WK, Cabana M, Chelmow D, Coker TR, Davis EM, Donahue KE, Jaén CR, Kubik M, et al. Statin use for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults: US preventive services task force recommendation statement. Jama. 2022;328(8):746–753. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.13044. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Shah PK, Chyu KY, Dimayuga PC, Nilsson J. Vaccine for atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64(25):2779–2791. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2014.10.018. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Li JJ, Zhao SP, Zhao D, Lu GP, Peng DQ, Liu J, Chen Z-Y, Guo Y-L, Wu N-Q, Yan S-K, et al. 2023 Chinese guideline for lipid management. Front Pharmacol. 2023;14:1190934. doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1190934. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources