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Review
. 2024 May 13;5(5):CD016071.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD016071.

Parallel use of low-complexity automated nucleic acid amplification tests on respiratory samples and stool with or without lateral flow lipoarabinomannan assays to detect pulmonary tuberculosis disease in children

Laura Olbrich  1   2 , Alexander W Kay  3 , Stephanie Bjerrum  4   5 , Bada Yang  6 , Johanna Åhsberg  4   7 , Ruvandhi R Nathavitharana  8 , Andreas Lundh  9   10 , Maunank Shah  11 , Devan Jaganath  12
Affiliations
Review

Parallel use of low-complexity automated nucleic acid amplification tests on respiratory samples and stool with or without lateral flow lipoarabinomannan assays to detect pulmonary tuberculosis disease in children

Laura Olbrich et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. .

Update in

Abstract

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (diagnostic). The objectives are as follows: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of the parallel use of low-complexity automated nucleic acid amplification tests on respiratory and stool specimens in children and lateral flow urine lipoarabinomannan amongst children with HIV versus each assay alone for detecting pulmonary tuberculosis. Secondary objectives To compare the diagnostic accuracy of low-complexity automated nucleic acid amplification tests on respiratory and stool specimens in combination versus each sample type alone. To investigate the following sources of heterogeneity: clinical setting, signs and symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis disease, screening positivity by chest X-ray abnormalities, age group, specimen type; and also amongst children with HIV: CD4 cell-count or percent category, advanced HIV disease, and serious illness.

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Conflict of interest statement

Development of the systematic review was made possible with financial support from the World Health Organization (WHO), Switzerland.

SB, BY, JÅ, RN, LO, DJ, and MS received funding from WHO as consultants for the review. AL reported to be a consultant to WHO, but did not receive funding from WHO.

SB, JÅ, MS, LO, and DJ were involved in primary studies that may be included in this review. Authors of primary studies will not make study eligibility decisions about, extract data from, carry out the risk of bias assessment for, or perform GRADE assessments of that study.

SB has no additional conflicts of interest to declare.

BY reports employment at Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht.

JÅ has no additional conflicts of interest to declare.

RN is the Chair of the TB Proof board and an independent consultant to WHO.

AK has no known conflicts of interest.

LO has conducted prior primary research on tuberculosis diagnostics. The Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine of the Ludwig‐Maximilians University Munich, where LO is based, received Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra cartridges for free for research use from Cepheid.

DJ has no additional conflicts of interest to declare.

AL has no additional conflicts of interest to declare.

MS has no additional conflicts of interest to declare.

Figures

1
1
Summary of molecular World Health Organization (WHO)‐recommended rapid diagnostic tests (mWRD) and specimen type [3].
LF‐LAM: lateral flow urine lipoarabinomannan; MTB: Mycobacterium tuberculosis; TB‐LAMP: loop‐mediated isothermal amplification test.
aUse of a blood specimen is recommended for people with HIV with signs and symptoms of disseminated tuberculosis.
bUse of urine is recommended for children and adolescents with HIV.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2022. who.int/publications/i/item/9789240061729 (accessed prior to 18 April 2024).
    1. World Health Organization. Roadmap towards ending TB in children and adolescents. who.int/publications/i/item/9789241514668 (accessed prior to 18 April 2024).
    1. World Health Organization. WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis: Module 5: management of tuberculosis in children and adolescents. 18 March 2022. who.int/publications/i/item/9789240046764 (accessed prior to 18 April 2024). - PubMed
    1. DiNardo AR, Detjen A, Ustero P, Ngo K, Bacha J, Mandalakas AM. Culture is an imperfect and heterogeneous reference standard in pediatric tuberculosis. Tuberculosis 2016;101S:S105-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2016.09.021] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Kunkel A, Abel Zur Wiesch P, Nathavitharana RR, Marx FM, Jenkins HE, Cohen T. Smear positivity in paediatric and adult tuberculosis: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infectious Diseases 2016;16:282. - PMC - PubMed

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