COPD and cardiovascular risk

Abstract

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) usually presents joined to other pathologies we call comorbidities. The more frequent of them are those related to cardiovascular risk, either its risk factors or its clinical manifestations. Cardiovascular risk of these patients grows up with the severity of the airflow obstruction, specially during and after an exacerbation of COPD. Patients with COPD have between 2 and 5 times more risk of ischaemic heart disease than people without COPD, even after adjusting for cofounding factors. Cardiovascular diseases are up to the second cause of mortality in these patients, close to those due to the lung disease. Although COPD is associated to several cardiovascular risk factors such as tobacco, arterial hypertension or Diabetes Mellitus, they don't explain all the excess in cardiovascular risk these patients have. Despite that excess of cardiovascular risk in COPD patients, most widely used cardiovascular risk scores don't include COPD as a risk factor itself, so global risk is understimated in these patients. In this review, we make a bibliography revision of the avaliable evidence about COPD and cardiovascular risk factors as well as the excess of cardiovascular risk COPD itself involves.

Keywords: Arterial hypertension; COPD; Cardiopatía isquémica; Cardiovascular risk factors; Diabetes mellitus; EPOC; Factores de riesgo cardiovascular; Hipertensión arterial; Ischemic cardiac disease; Riesgo cardiovascular.