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. 2025 Jan 7;17(1):e77105.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.77105. eCollection 2025 Jan.

Determination of Lifestyle Habits Correlating to the Prevalence of Hypertension, Diabetes, and Dyslipidemia by the Analysis of Health-Related Questionnaire Datasets in Japanese Nationwide Open Data

Yukinori Nagakura  1 , Fumiko Yamaki  1 , Hiroshi Saimaru  1 , Yoshio Kase  1
Affiliations

Determination of Lifestyle Habits Correlating to the Prevalence of Hypertension, Diabetes, and Dyslipidemia by the Analysis of Health-Related Questionnaire Datasets in Japanese Nationwide Open Data

Yukinori Nagakura et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

Introduction: The National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups (NDB) Open Data Japan provides a nationwide health-related dataset based on region. This study aimed to identify lifestyle habits that correlated with the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia by analyzing a dataset.

Methods: Data from 28.9 million respondents regarding lifestyle habits were collected in the fiscal year 2020 and provided in the 8th NDB Open Data Japan. Medication status for hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia was used to determine the prevalence of each disorder. Responses to lifestyle habit questions were used as lifestyle variables. Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) was calculated to determine the relationships between variables.

Results: Lifestyle habits that had a moderate or larger correlation with the prevalence of each disorder were identified by setting the criterion |r| > 0.5. Smoking, weight gain, chewing condition, eating speed, snacking, and alcohol consumption were associated with the prevalence of hypertension. Smoking, weight gain, and chewing conditions correlated with the prevalence of diabetes. No single lifestyle habit showed correlations above the set criterion for dyslipidemia prevalence.

Conclusion: Due to the diversity of lifestyle habits of residents within each of the 47 Japanese prefectures, the prefecture-based dataset in NDB Open Data Japan is pragmatic and useful for epidemiologically investigating the association between lifestyle habits and the prevalence of disorders of interest. It would be important to raise the alarm about the lifestyle habits identified in the present study to reduce the risk of developing the corresponding disorders.

Keywords: analysis of open data; diabetes; dyslipidemia; hypertension; lifestyle habits.

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Conflict of interest statement

Human subjects: Consent for treatment and open access publication was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. ​​Research Ethics Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University issued approval (R6-4). Ethical approval for this study was waived by Research Ethics Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University because this study only used publically available datasets. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Scatter diagrams showing correlations between the variables for the prevalence of lifestyle-related disorders and lifestyle habits by prefectural units
(A) Antihypertensive medication and weight gain (> 10 kg since 20 years of age) in females; (B) Antihypertensive medication and daily alcohol consumption < 21.6 g/day in males; (C) Antidiabetic medication and smoking in males; (D) Antihypertensive medication and antidiabetic medication in males ai: Aichi; ak: Akita; ao: Aomori; cb: Chiba; eh: Ehime; fi: Fukui; fo: Fukuoka; fs: Fukushima; gi: Gifu; gu: Gunma; hg: Hyogo; hk: Hokkaido; hs: Hiroshima; ib: Ibaraki; is: Ishikawa; it: Iwate; ka: Kagawa; kg: Kagoshima; kn: Kanagawa; ko: Kochi; ku: Kumamoto; ky: Kyoto; me: Mie; mg: Miyagi; mz: Miyazaki; na: Nagano; ni: Niigata; nr: Nara; ns: Nagasaki; ok: Okinawa; os: Osaka; oy: Okayama; sg: Saga; si: Shiga; sm: Shimane; st: Saitama; sz: Shizuoka; tc: Tochigi; tk: Tokushima; tm: Toyama; tt: Tottori; ty: Tokyo; wa: Wakayama; ya: Yamaguchi; yg: Yamagata; yn: Yamanashi
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