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Observational Study
. 2025 Feb 8;29(1):61.
doi: 10.1007/s10151-024-03054-7.

Patterns and predictors of postoperative complications and recurrence after ileocecal resection for Crohn's disease: a national multicenter longitudinal study

A Soler-Silva  1 , L Sánchez-Guillén  2   3 , F Blanco-Antona  4 , X Barber  5   6 , M Millán  7 ; REIC Study Group
Collaborators, Affiliations
Observational Study

Patterns and predictors of postoperative complications and recurrence after ileocecal resection for Crohn's disease: a national multicenter longitudinal study

A Soler-Silva et al. Tech Coloproctol. .

Abstract

Background: Crohn's disease (CD) negatively impacts quality of life, and a high percentage of patients will need surgery. Ileocecal resection (ICR) is the most common abdominal procedure performed in CD. Postoperative complications are frequent, and recurrence is common. The main objectives of this study were to analyze risk factors (RF) for anastomotic leakage (AL) and recurrence after ICR, as well as quality of life (QoL) in CD in a sample of the Spanish population.

Methods: A prospective, multicenter, observational study was designed, including all types of hospitals in Spain from 2018 to 2021. Demographic and medical-surgical characteristics, postoperative complications, hospital types by annual ICR volume, and quality of life (IBDQ-9) up to 1 year follow-up (OYF) were recorded and analyzed.

Results: A total of 386 ICRs were recorded. At 60 days, there were 134 (36.4%) complications, 46 (11.91%) of which were major. A total of 23 (5.9%) AL were registered, and RF were Montreal A3 [OR 14.2, 95% CI (2.70-126), p = 0.005], Montreal p [OR 7.29, 95% CI (1.14-44.4), p = 0.029], and intensified adalimumab treatment [3.8, 95% CI (1.2-13.1), p = 0.026]. Recurrences at OYF were 67 (19%), and RF were history of neoplasia [OR 7.14, p = 0.01], Montreal B3 [OR 2.12, p = 0.02], and minimally invasive surgery (MIS) [OR 2.63, p = 0.02]. The mean difference in IBDQ-9 from baseline to 60 days was +1.72 (n = 177, p < 0.001) and to OYF +2.12 (n = 140, p < 0.001).

Conclusions: The AL rate was 5.9%. Montreal A3, perianal disease, and intensified adalimumab were associated with a higher rate of AL. The recurrence rate was 17.6% (OYF). Prior neoplasia, Montreal B3, and MIS were associated with higher risk of recurrence. ICR improves quality of life at 60 days and is maintained 1 year after surgery.

Keywords: Anastomotic leakage; Crohn’s disease; IBDQ-9; Ileocecal resection (ICR); Minimally invasive surgery (MIS); Population-wide study; Quality of life; Recurrence; Robotic surgery.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethical approval: All procedures performed in studies involving human partcipants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the instutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed Consent: The participants have consented to the submission of the paper to the journal.

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