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Meta-Analysis
. 2025 Dec;57(1):2458236.
doi: 10.1080/07853890.2025.2458236. Epub 2025 Feb 10.

Prognostic and clinicopathological value of soluble programmed cell death ligand-1 (sPD-L1) in patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma: a meta-analysis

Ying Wu  1 , Yan Zhang  1
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Prognostic and clinicopathological value of soluble programmed cell death ligand-1 (sPD-L1) in patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma: a meta-analysis

Ying Wu et al. Ann Med. 2025 Dec.

Abstract

Background: Previous studies have explored whether soluble programmed cell death ligand-1 (sPD-L1) can be used to predict the prognosis of patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL); however, no consistent results have been obtained. Consequently, we conducted the present meta-analysis to identify the precise significance of sPD-L1 in predicting the prognosis of PTCL.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library until July 31, 2024. The value of sPD-L1 in predicting PTCL prognosis was examined by combining the hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results: Seven articles involving 445 patients were included in this study. Based on our pooled findings, increased sPD-L1 was associated with dismal overall survival (OS) (HR = 4.22, 95%CI = 1.89-9.43, p < 0.001) and worse progression-free survival (PFS) (HR = 2.57, 95%CI = 1.35-4.90, p = 0.004) in PTCL. Furthermore, higher sPD-L1 levels were correlated with male sex (OR = 1.80, 95%CI = 1.06-3.03, p = 0.029), International Prognostic Index (IPI) score ≥2 (OR = 4.32, 95%CI = 2.10-8.89, p < 0.001), elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level (OR = 5.15, 95%CI = 1.94-13.71, p = 0.001), presence of B symptoms (OR = 2.56, 95%CI = 1.45-4.52, p = 0.001), and ECOG PS ≥2 (OR = 7.41, 95%CI = 1.49-36.92, p = 0.015) in PTCL.

Conclusion: According to the present meta-analysis, higher sPD-L1 levels were significantly correlated with poor OS and inferior PFS in patients with PTCL. Additionally, high sPD-L1 levels were also associated with clinical features representing the development of PTCL.

Keywords: Soluble PD-L1; biomarker; meta-analysis; peripheral T-cell lymphoma; prognosis.

Plain language summary

The present meta-analysis has first explored the impact of sPD-L1 on forecasting PTCL prognosis.Higher sPD-L1 level was significantly correlated with dismal OS and inferior PFS of PTCL patients.High sPD-L1 was also connected to clinical features representing the disease development of PTCL.

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Conflict of interest statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
The PRISMA flow diagram of identifying eligible studies.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Forest plots showing the pooled HR with 95% CI of prognostic value of sPD-L1 for OS in PTCL.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Forest plots showing the pooled HR with 95% CI of prognostic value of sPD-L1 for PFS in PTCL.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
The association between sPD-L1 and clinicopathological features of PTCL. (A) Age (years) (≥60 vs <60); (B) Gender (male vs female); (C) IPI score (≥2 vs 0–1); (D) LDH level (elevated vs normal); (E) B symptoms (yes vs no); and (F) ECOG PS (≥2 vs 0–1).
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Sensitivity analysis. (A) OS and (B) PFS.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Publication bias test. (A) Begg’s test for OS, p = 0.368; (B) Egger’s test for OS, p = 0.105; (C) Begg’s test for PFS, p = 0.806; and (D) Egger’s test for PFS, p = 0.095.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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