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Clinical Trial
. 2025 May 1;68(5):553-561.
doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000003644. Epub 2025 Feb 12.

Jejunal Lymphatic and Vascular Anatomy Defines Surgical Principles for Treatment of Jejunal Tumors

Affiliations
Clinical Trial

Jejunal Lymphatic and Vascular Anatomy Defines Surgical Principles for Treatment of Jejunal Tumors

Teodor Vasic et al. Dis Colon Rectum. .

Abstract

Background: The jejunum has a wide lymphatic drainage field, making radical surgery difficult.

Objective: Extrapolate results from 2 methodologies to define jejunal artery lymphatic clearances and lymphovascular bundle shapes for radical bowel-sparing surgery.

Design: Two cohort studies.

Settings: The first data set comprised dissections of cadavers at the University of Geneva. The second data set incorporated preoperative 3-dimensional CT vascular reconstructions of patients included in the "Surgery with Extended (D3) Mesenterectomy for Small Bowel Tumors" clinical trial.

Patients: Eight cadavers were dissected. The 3-dimensional CT data set included 101 patients.

Main outcome measures: Lymph vessels ran parallel and interlaced with jejunal arteries. Lymphatic clearance was minimal at the jejunal artery's origin, radially spreading thereafter. Jejunal arteries were categorized into 3 groups based on position to the middle colic artery origin on 3-dimensional CT: group A: jejunal artery origins lie cranially and caudally to the middle colic artery; group B: jejunal artery origins lie caudal to the middle colic artery; and group C: jejunal artery origins lie cranial to the middle colic artery. Jejunal veins were classified into 3 groups based on their trajectories to the superior mesenteric artery (dorsally/ventrally/combined).

Results: Lymph vessel clearances were 1.5 ± 1.0 mm at jejunal artery origins. Group A was present in 81 cases (80.2%), group B in 13 cases (12.9%), and group C in 7 cases (6.9%). Jejunal artery median was 4. Fifty-seven jejunal veins (56.4%) ran dorsally to the superior mesenteric artery, 16 (15.8%) ran ventrally, and 28 (27.8%) had a combined course.

Limitations: Lymph nodes were not counted during dissection because the main observation was the position of lymph vessels.

Conclusions: Minimal jejunal artery lymphatic clearance implies ligating tumor-feeding vessels at the origin. The intermingled jejunal artery lymphatics imply lymph node dissection along the proximal and distal vessels to the level of the first arcade. Classifying jejunal arteries and veins could simplify the anatomy for surgeons. See Video Abstract.

Clinical trial registration number: NCT05670574.

La anatoma linftica y vascular del yeyuno define los principios quirrgicos para el tratamiento de los tumores del yeyuno: ANTECEDENTES:El yeyuno tiene un amplio campo de drenaje linfático, lo que dificulta la cirugía radical.OBJETIVO:Extrapolar los resultados de dos metodologías para definir los aclaramientos linfáticos de la arteria yeyunal y las formas de los haces linfovasculares para la cirugía radical de conservación intestinal.DISEÑO:Dos estudios de cohorte.ESCENARIO:El primer conjunto de datos comprendía disecciones de cadáveres en la Universidad de Ginebra. El segundo conjunto de datos incorporaba reconstrucciones vasculares preoperatorias por TC 3D de pacientes incluidos en el ensayo clínico "Cirugía con mesenterectomía extendida (D3) para tumores del intestino delgado".PACIENTES:Se disecaron ocho cadáveres. El conjunto de datos de TC 3D incluía 101 pacientes.PRINCIPALES MEDIDAS DE VALORACIÓN:Los vasos linfáticos discurrían paralelos y se entrelazaban con las arterias yeyunales. El aclaramiento linfático era mínimo en el origen de la arteria yeyunal, extendiéndose radialmente a partir de allí. Las arterias yeyunales se clasificaron en tres grupos según su posición respecto del origen de la arteria cólica media en la TC tridimensional. Grupo A: los orígenes de la arteria yeyunal se encuentran craneal y caudalmente respecto de la arteria cólica media; Grupo B: los orígenes de la arteria yeyunal se encuentran caudalmente respecto de la arteria cólica media; Grupo C: los orígenes de la arteria yeyunal se encuentran cranealmente respecto de la arteria cólica media. Las venas yeyunales se clasificaron en tres grupos según sus trayectorias hacia la arteria mesentérica superior (dorsal/ventral/combinada).RESULTADOS:Los espacios libres de los vasos linfáticos fueron de 1,5+1,0 mm en los orígenes de la arteria yeyunal. El grupo A estuvo presente en 81 (80,2 %), el grupo B en 13 (12,9 %), el grupo C en 7 (6,9 %) casos. La arteria yeyunal tenía una mediana de 4. Un 57 (56,4 %) de las venas yeyunales discurrían dorsalmente a la arteria mesentérica superior, 16 (15,8 %) discurrían ventralmente y 28 (27,8 %) tenían un trayecto combinado.LIMITACIONES:No se contaron los ganglios linfáticos durante la disección porque la observación principal era la posición de los vasos linfáticos.CONCLUSIÓN:La mínima limpieza linfática de la arteria yeyunal implica la ligadura de los vasos que alimentan el tumor en el origen. Los vasos linfáticos de la arteria yeyunal entremezclados implican la disección de los ganglios linfáticos a lo largo de los vasos proximales y distales hasta el nivel de la primera arcada. La clasificación de las arterias y venas yeyunales podría simplificar la anatomía para los cirujanos. (Traducción-Ingrid Melo )NÚMERO DE ENSAYO CLÍNICO:NCT05670574.

Keywords: Anatomy; D3 volume; Jejunal tumor; Jejunal vessels; Lymphatics; Operative technique.

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Conflict of interest statement

Financial Disclosure: None reported.

Figures

FIGURE 1.
FIGURE 1.
Jejunal artery group schematics and their 3D-CT vascular reconstructions. A–C, Groups A, B, and C are illustrated through sketches on the left side, whereas their adequate 3D-CT vascular reconstructions are to the right. 3D = 3-dimensional; GTH = gastrocolic trunk of Henle; ICA = ileocolic artery; ICV = ileocolic vein; JA = jejunal artery (JA2, ie, second jejunal artery); JV = jejunal vein; MCA = middle colic artery; SMA = superior mesenteric artery; SMV= superior mesenteric vein.
FIGURE 2.
FIGURE 2.
Anatomical dissection of the lymph vessels in the root of the mesentery. A, View after removing the peritoneal membrane and subperitoneal adipose and connective tissue and the transverse colon lifted upward. B, MCA and ICA looped with ligature threads. Compass: superior, inferior, right, left. Duo = duodenum; ICA = ileocolic artery; JA = jejunal artery; Jej = proximal jejunum; JV = jejunal vein (crossing SMA anteriorly); MCA = middle colic artery; TrMeCo = transverse mesocolon.
FIGURE 3.
FIGURE 3.
The D2 and D3 levels of dissection and the proposed technique of extended mesenterectomy. A, The red line represents D3 volume defined previously by Spasojevic et al and Nesgaard et al., B, The blue line represents the proposed D2 volume with dissection along the JAs proximal and distal to the first arcade. GTH = gastrocolic trunk of Henle; IA = ileal artery; ICA = ileocolic artery; ICV = ileocolic vein; JA = jejunal artery; JV = jejunal vein; MCA = middle colic artery; RCA = right colic artery; SMA = superior mesenteric artery; SMV = superior mesenteric vein; TrMeCo = transverse mesocolon.

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