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. 2025 Jan 22;30(3):481.
doi: 10.3390/molecules30030481.

Extraction of Chlorogenic Acid Using Single and Mixed Solvents

Hyeon Ji Jeon  1   2 , Bong-Seop Lee  1   2 , Changhyup Park  2
Affiliations

Extraction of Chlorogenic Acid Using Single and Mixed Solvents

Hyeon Ji Jeon et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

Chlorogenic acid, which is extracted from a wide range of natural sources, is attracting the attention of many researchers in the pharmaceutical and biomedical fields due to its various positive effects, such as such as anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. Considering the effects of economics and solvent toxicity, water, ethanol, and their mixtures were selected as the solvents for extracting chlorogenic acid at various temperatures (298~318 K) and over a whole range of concentrations. The solubility of chlorogenic acid increased with temperature regardless of the solvents, and the solubility was higher in pure ethanol than in pure water. The solubility of chlorogenic acid in mixed solvents exhibited a gradual rise as the water content increased, reaching a maximum at a specific water weight fraction. These trends were well predicted by the COSMO-SAC model and Hansen solubility parameter method. By comparing the σ-profile, it was confirmed that the maximum solubility in mixed solvent comes from the similarity of σ-profiles between chlorogenic acid and mixed solvent which represents the surface charge density of the molecule.

Keywords: COSMO-SAC; Hansen solubility parameter; chlorogenic acid; extraction; mixed solvents.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicting financial interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Thermal analysis (a) TGA and (b) DSC measurement of chlorogenic acid.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effect of temperature on chlorogenic acid solubility in pure water and ethanol.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effect of temperature on chlorogenic acid solubility in mixed H2O/EOH solutions.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The comparison between the Hansen solubility parameter and the experimental solubility of chlorogenic acid in mixed H2O/EOH solvents.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The σ-profile of each component: chlorogenic acid (bold solid line), ethanol (green dash line), water (red dotted line), and mixed-H2O/EOH of water and ethanol with 0.45:0.55 ratio.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Experimental setup for solubility measurement: 1. ThermoMixer (Eppendorf, ThermoMixer C); 2. Heating block (Eppendorf, SmartBlock 15 mL); 3. Heater; 4. Temperature controller (Misung, TC200P); 5. Thermocouple; and 6. Glove box.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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