[Morphogenesis and molecular regulation of polyposis rhinosinusitis]

Abstract

Polyposis rhinosinusitis (CRSwNP) is a heterogeneous proliferative disease characterized by inflammatory hyperplasia of the nasal mucosa with dysregulation of apoptosis and cell differentiation. The review summarizes data on the molecular cellular mechanisms of CRSwNP and presents the concept of intercellular signaling during polyposis growth. Various factors that form a specific endotype are involved in the development of a polyp. Features of morphogenesis make it possible to distinguish edematous, eosinophilic and fibrous NP. In all cases, markers of neurogenic inflammation, impaired expression of proinflammatory cytokines, NO synthase, BMP-2 and other morphogenetic molecules arerecorded. The growing polyp and the inflammatory reaction damage the epithelium of the mucous membrane and bone wall of the nasal cavity. Interleukin-1β and BMP-2 are an integrative link in the pathogenesis of these events.

Keywords: apoptosis; neurogenic inflammation; neuropeptides; polyposis growth; small apoptotic molecules.