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. 2025 Feb 13:84:86-92.
doi: 10.2340/aos.v84.42958.

The effect of different variables on push-out tests in 3D-printed oval and round-shaped root canals: a methodological study

Tuba Gok  1 , Guzide Cankaya  2 , Bilge Hakan Sen  3
Affiliations

The effect of different variables on push-out tests in 3D-printed oval and round-shaped root canals: a methodological study

Tuba Gok et al. Acta Odontol Scand. .

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of slice thickness (ST), plunger size (PS), shape and region of the root canal on push-out tests using standardized artificial root canals.

Materials and methods: Two teeth with round and oval root canal anatomy were selected using cone beam computed tomography. Teeth were prepared, scanned with micro computed tomography and stereolithography data were obtained. Seventy-two round and 72 long oval artificial root canals were produced using a 3D printer. Root canals were obturated, then divided into two main groups (oval-round) and further divided into six subgroups (n = 12) according to ST (1, 1.5, and 2-mm) and PS (0.5, 0.75, and 1-mm). Push-out tests were performed and dislocation resistance values were calculated. The data were analyzed using the ANOVA two-way test (p = 0.05).

Results: Different STs showed similar results in oval canals (p > 0.05). 1-mm ST showed higher results in round canals (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference between 0.75 and 1-mm PSs (p < 0.05). Middle and coronal regions showed similar results in oval canals (p > 0.05), and coronal region showed lower results in round canals (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: ST, PS, root canal shape and region variables affected the dislocation resistance of core material in standardized root-filled canals.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors deny any conflicts of interest related to this study.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Stereolithography (STL) format images of roots scanned with Micro-CT: the root with round (a) and oval-shaped canals (c), 3D-printed root images of round (b) and long oval-shaped (d) root canals.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Representative images of (a) section samples obtained from artificial root canals with oval and round-shaped canals, and (b) slice thicknesses as 1, 1.5 and 2-mm.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Representative images of (a) the push-out test design and (b) gutta-percha dislodged after the push-out test.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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