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. 2025 Jan 30:16:1492710.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1492710. eCollection 2025.

Polygonatum kingianum polysaccharide alleviated intestinal injuries by mediating antioxidant ability and microbiota

Reng Qiu  1 , Chuangye Pan  1 , Yuxi Qin  2 , Qianfei Wei  3 , Yue Yu  4 , Ying Zhang  3 , Xuehan Xie  1 , Jianqin Li  3 , Shouhai Chen  4 , Kun Li  4 , Dalia Fouad  5 , Yi Wu  3 , Qiu Zhong  2
Affiliations

Polygonatum kingianum polysaccharide alleviated intestinal injuries by mediating antioxidant ability and microbiota

Reng Qiu et al. Front Microbiol. .

Abstract

Introduction: Polygonatum kingianum is a well-known medicinal herb with proven bioactivities; however, little is known about the effects of its polysaccharide on intestinal injuries in animals induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Methods: A total of 30 Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were divided into control (CH), induced (MH), and treated (H) groups. Mice in group H were supplemented with 100 mg/kg Polygonatum kingianum polysaccharides, while groups C and M were treated with the same amount of normal saline by gavage for 18 days. On the 18th day animals in groups M and H were induced by LPS (10 mg/kg).

Results: The results showed the weight of mice in group MH significantly dropped (P < 0.0001), while mice in the PK group had a higher weight (P < 0.01). Pathological analysis found that the majority of the villi in mice induced by LPS were broken and short, while PK-treated animals had longer and considerably integrated villi. The villi length in groups CH (P < 0.0001) and H (P < 0.0001) was longer than that in group M, and the value of villi length/crypt depth in group MH was smaller than that in groups CH (P < 0.0001) and H (P < 0.0001), while the crypt depth in group MH was higher than in groups CH (P < 0.0001) and H (P < 0.0001). Serum inspection showed that MAD (P < 0.05), IL-1β (P < 0.05), IL-6 (P < 0.05), and TNF-α (P < 0.01) were significantly higher in group MH, while SOD (P < 0.001), T-AOC (P < 0.01), and GSH-Px (P < 0.01) were notably higher in groups CH and H. Microbiome sequencing of mice obtained 844,477 raw and 725,469 filtered reads. There were 2,407 ASVs detected in animals, and there were 312 and 328 shared ASVs between CH and MH, and CH and H, respectively. There were 5 phyla and 20genera of remarkable bacteria found among mice groups including genera of Escherichia, Pseudomonas_E, Mailhella, Paramuribaculum, NM07-P-09, Odoribacter, Nanosyncoccus, SFM01, Onthenecus, Clostridium_Q, UBA6985, Ructibacterium, UBA946, Lachnoclostridium_B, Evtepia, CAG-269, Limivicinus, Formimonas, Dehalobacterium, Dwaynesavagella, and UBA6985. We revealed that Polygonatum kingianum polysaccharide could alleviate intestinal injuries by promoting oxidation resistance, decreasing inflammatory responses, and accommodating the intestinal microbiota of mice.

Discussion: Our results suggest the possibility of developing novel therapies for intestinal diseases.

Keywords: Escherichia; Mailhella; NM07-P-09; Nanosyncoccus; Odoribacter; Paramuribaculum; Pseudomonas_E; SFMI01.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
PK remitted intestinal damages in mice induced by LPS. (A) body weights, (B) weight changes after LPS inducing, (C) pathological analysis of the jejunum, (D) pathological analysis of the ileum. Scale bar 50 mm. Significance is presented as **P < 0.01 and ****P < 0.0001; data are presented as the mean ± SEM.
Figure 2
Figure 2
PK-mediated serum oxidation resistance and inflammation levels. (A) MDA, (B) SOD, (C) T-AOC, (D) GSH-Px, (E) IL-1β, (F) IL-6, (G) IL-10, (H) TNF-α. Significance is presented as *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, and ****P < 0.0001; data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 3).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Alpha diversity analysis. (A) rarefaction curve, (B) rank abundance curve, (C) indices.
Figure 4
Figure 4
PK-mediated the intestinal microbiota in LPS-induced mice in different taxa. (A) phylum, (B) class, (C) order, (D) family, (E) genus.
Figure 5
Figure 5
ASV Venn map and beta diversity of the gut flora in mice in different groups. (A) Venn chart, (B) PCo-A, (C) NMDS, (D) UPGMA, (E) group distance.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Heatmap and LEfSe analysis of mice microbiota in different groups. (A) Heatmap, (B) LEfSe.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Revealing microbiota differences in mice in different groups using ANOVA analysis. (A) phyla, (B) genus. Significance is presented as *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001; data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 3).
Figure 8
Figure 8
KEGG function analysis of mice microbiota.
Figure 9
Figure 9
MetaCyc pathway analysis of mice microbiota.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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