Using the Theoretical Domains Framework to identify barriers and facilitators to peripheral nerve block use in older adult patients with a hip fracture: a national survey
- PMID: 39953306
- DOI: 10.1007/s12630-025-02912-8
Using the Theoretical Domains Framework to identify barriers and facilitators to peripheral nerve block use in older adult patients with a hip fracture: a national survey
Abstract
Purpose: Peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs) in older adult patients with a hip fracture improve morbidity and mortality, reduce health care costs, and improve quality of care. Despite the benefits, PNB use rates remain low. We aimed to use the Theoretical Domains Framework to investigate the barriers and facilitators to PNB use in patients with a hip fracture from the perspective of Canadian anesthesiologists.
Methods: We created an online survey that collected both quantitative and qualitative responses. After research ethics board approval, the survey was distributed among all Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society (CAS) members. We present five-point Likert responses as medians and interquartile ranges [IQRs], conducted thematic analysis on the narrative feedback, and performed cluster analysis to explore patterns associated with survey responses.
Results: We obtained responses from 256/2,498 (10.2%) CAS members. Of these respondents, 215 (84%) performed PNBs for patients with a hip fracture. The median [IQR] five-point Likert responses showed that participants felt confident placing a PNB (4 [4-5]) and agreed they possessed adequate knowledge and skills for PNB placement (4 [4-5]). Participants' responses showed lower ratings with greater variability for availability of adequate time (3 [3-4]), collaboration with the perioperative team (4 [2-4]), and adequate resources (4 [3-5]). Barriers to PNB use identified through thematic analysis included time pressure as well as inadequate human resources, training opportunities, and multidisciplinary collaboration with other health care professionals. Facilitators included more education, dedicated resources, and clinical care pathways.
Conclusion: Our results identified several barriers and facilitators related to physical resources, operational support, and educational factors that may inform future interventions to increase PNB use in older patients with a hip fracture. The results of this study may not be generalizable to all Canadian practice settings because of a low response rate and high proportion of respondents who performed PNBs at their local institution.
RéSUMé: OBJECTIF: Les blocs nerveux périphériques (BNP) chez les personnes âgées souffrant d’une fracture de la hanche améliorent la morbidité et la mortalité, réduisent les coûts des soins de santé et améliorent la qualité des soins. Malgré les avantages, les taux d’utilisation de BNP restent faibles. Nous avons cherché à utiliser le cadre des domaines théoriques pour étudier les obstacles et les facteurs qui facilitent l’utilisation des BNP chez les personnes souffrant d’une fracture de la hanche, du point de vue des anesthésiologistes au Canada. MéTHODE: Nous avons créé un sondage en ligne pour recueillir des réponses quantitatives et qualitatives. Après l’approbation du comité d’éthique de la recherche, le sondage a été distribué aux membres de la Société canadienne des anesthésiologistes (SCA). Nous présentons les réponses de Likert à cinq points sous forme de médianes et d’écarts interquartiles [ÉIQ], avons réalisé une analyse thématique de la rétroaction narrative et une analyse par grappes pour explorer les tendances associées aux réponses au sondage. RéSULTATS: Nous avons obtenu les réponses de 256/2498 (10,2 %) membres de la SCA. Parmi les personnes qui ont répondu, 215 (84 %) ont réalisé des BNP pour des fractures de la hanche. Les réponses médianes de Likert à cinq points [ÉIQ] ont montré que les anesthésiologistes se sentaient en confiance pour placer un BNP (4 [4–5]) et convenaient que les connaissances et les compétences adéquates pour la réalisation d’un BNP étaient acquises (4 [4–5]). Les réponses au sondage ont montré des notes plus faibles avec une plus grande variabilité pour la disponibilité du temps adéquat (3 [3–4]), la collaboration avec l’équipe périopératoire (4 [2–4]) et les ressources adéquates (4 [3–5]). Les obstacles à l’utilisation de BNP relevés dans le cadre de l’analyse thématique comprenaient les contraintes de temps ainsi que l’insuffisance des ressources humaines, des possibilités de formation et de la collaboration multidisciplinaire avec d’autres professionnels et professionnelles de la santé. Les facteurs facilitateurs comprenaient plus de formation, des ressources dédiées et des parcours de soins cliniques. CONCLUSION: Nos résultats ont permis d’identifier plusieurs obstacles et facteurs facilitateurs liés aux ressources physiques, au soutien opérationnel et aux facteurs éducatifs qui pourraient éclairer les interventions futures visant à accroître l’utilisation de BNP chez la patientèle âgée souffrant d’une fracture de la hanche. Les résultats de cette étude ne sont peut-être pas généralisables à tous les milieux de pratique canadiens en raison d’un faible taux de réponse et de la forte proportion de personnes répondantes qui ont réalisé des BNP dans leur établissement local.
Keywords: Theoretical Domains Framework; hip fracture; regional anesthesia barriers.
© 2025. Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society.
Conflict of interest statement
Author contributions: Yuqi Gu contributed to data analysis and interpretation, manuscript preparation, and critical review. Daniel I. McIsaac and Reva Ramlogan contributed to study conception and design, data analysis and interpretation, and critical review. Emily Hladkowicz and Keely Barnes contributed to data acquisition and critical review. Sylvain Boet and Colin McCartney contributed to study conception and design and critical review. Acknowledgements: The authors thank the health care providers who participated in this study. Disclosures: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. Funding statement: This study was funded by the Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Ottawa, Research Operating Grant. Drs Boet, Gu, McIssac, and Ramlogan were supported by The Ottawa Hospital Anesthesia Alternate Funds Association. Drs Boet and McIssac was supported by the Canadian Anesthesia Research Foundation. Editorial responsibility: This submission was handled by Dr. Stephan K. W. Schwarz, Editor-in-Chief, Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d’anesthésie.
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