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. 2025 Feb 15;12(1):274.
doi: 10.1038/s41597-025-04537-4.

The Water Health Open Knowledge Graph

Anna Sofia Lippolis #  1   2 , Giorgia Lodi #  3 , Andrea Giovanni Nuzzolese #  4
Affiliations

The Water Health Open Knowledge Graph

Anna Sofia Lippolis et al. Sci Data. .

Abstract

Global sustainability challenges have recently led to an increasing interest in the management of water and health resources. Thus, the availability of effective, meaningful and open data is crucial to address those issues in the broader context of the Sustainable Development Goals of clean water and sanitation as targeted by the United Nations. In this paper, we present the Water Health Open Knowledge Graph (WHOW-KG) along with its design methodology and analysis on impact. Developed in the context of the EU-funded WHOW (Water Health Open Knowledge) project, the WHOW-KG is a semantic knowledge graph that models data on water consumption, pollution, extreme weather events, infectious disease rates and drug distribution. Indeed, it aims at supporting a wide range of applications: from knowledge discovery to decision-making, making it a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners in the water and health domains. The WHOW-KG consists of a network of five ontologies and related linked open data, modelled according to those ontologies. As a fully distributed system, it is sustainable over time, can handle large datasets, and allows data providers full control, establishing it as a vital European asset in the fields of water consumption and pollution.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Methodology implemented for constructing the WHOW-KG.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The WHOW ontology network.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
The Hydrography ontology.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
The Water Monitoring ontology.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
The Water Indicator ontology.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
The Weather Monitoring ontology.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
The Health Monitoring ontology.
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
The RDF graph answering the question What was the concentration of reactive silicates observed for the Lake Endine over time?.
Fig. 9
Fig. 9
The RDF graph answering the question What were the biological agents with their associated concentration recorded over time for the Adriatic sea?.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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