[Effect of different acupuncture and moxibustion methods on muscle inflammation and muscle atrophy related proteins in the gastrocnemius of rats with knee osteoarthritis]
- PMID: 39961756
- DOI: 10.13702/j.1000-0607.20230842
[Effect of different acupuncture and moxibustion methods on muscle inflammation and muscle atrophy related proteins in the gastrocnemius of rats with knee osteoarthritis]
Abstract
Objectives: To compare the effects of filiform acupuncture, electroacupuncture (EA) and moxibustion on gastrocnemius inflammation and muscle atrophy related proteins in rats with knee osteoarthritis (KOA).
Methods: A total of 40 Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank control, model, filiform acupuncture, EA and moxibustion groups, with 8 rats in each group. The KOA model was established by intra-articular injection of sodium iodate into the right knee joint in the model group and treatment groups (filiform acupuncture, EA and moxibustion groups). Treatment groups received filiform acupuncture, EA and moxibustion on the right "Futu" (ST32) and "Housanli"(ST36) for 15 min each time, once every other day, for 4 weeks. The diameter of the right knee joint of rats in each group were measured and the structure of knee joint was observed by X-ray before modeling, after modeling, and after treatment. After treatment, the Pinnate angle, muscle thickness and cross-sectional area of right rectus femoris were measured by ultrasound, the ultrastructure of right gastrocnemius muscle was observed by transmission electron microscope, the contents of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 in right gastrocnemius muscle were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the expression levels of sirtuin1(SIRT1), muscle-specific ringfinger protein 1(MuRF1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(NRF2) and recombinant transcription factor A(TFAM) in right gastrocnemius muscle were detected by Western blot in each group.
Results: Compared with the blank control group, the diameter of the right knee joint increased (P<0.01), the knee joint space of the model group was obviously narrowed, accompanied by osteophyte formation at the joint edge and subchondral bone reactive hyperplasia, the Pinnate angle, muscle thickness and cross-sectional area of rectus femoris decreased (P<0.01), the mitochondria of gastrocnemius muscle cells swelled, the muscle fibers arranged disorderly, the sarcomere structures were destroyed, the Z-line fractures were discontinuous, the contents of TNF-α and IL-6 in gastrocnemius muscle were increased (P<0.01), and IL-10 was decreased (P<0.01), the protein expression of MuRF1 was increased (P<0.01), whereas the expressions of SIRT1, NRF2, and TFAM proteins decreased (P<0.01) in the model group. Compared with the model group, all these indicators were reversed in the treatment groups (P<0.01, P<0.05). In the moxibustion group, the muscle thickness of rectus femoris was higher (P<0.01) than those in the filiform acupuncture and EA groups, the Pinnate angle was higher (P<0.01) than that in the EA group, and the cross-sectional area was lower (P<0.05) than that in the EA group. The content of IL-10 in gastrocnemius muscle in the EA group was higher (P<0.01) than those in the moxibustion and filiform acupuncture groups. The expressions of MuRF1 protein in the gastrocnemius muscle were lower (P<0.01) in the EA and moxibustion groups compared to the filiform acupuncture group.
Conclusions: Filiform acupuncture, EA and moxibustion can improve knee joint swelling, ameliorate muscle ultrastructure and muscle fiber, regulate inflammatory cytokine level, improve KOA by modulating muscle atrophy related proteins SIRT1/MuRF1 and NRF2/TFAM. There was no significant difference in the efficacy among the three methods of acupuncture and moxibustion.
目的: 比较毫针、电针和艾灸对膝关节骨关节炎（KOA）大鼠腓肠肌炎性反应及肌肉萎缩相关蛋白的影响及其差异。方法: Wistar大鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型组、毫针组、电针组和艾灸组，每组8只。采用右侧膝关节腔内注射碘乙酸钠复制KOA模型。各治疗组均取右侧“伏兔”“后三里”，分别给予毫针、电针和艾条温和灸干预各15 min，隔日治疗1次，共治疗4周。分别于造模前、造模后及治疗后测量各组大鼠膝关节直径，X线检测右侧膝关节结构；于治疗后采用肌骨超声测量各组大鼠右侧股直肌羽状角、肌肉厚度和肌肉横截面积；透射电镜观察各组大鼠右侧腓肠肌细胞超微结构；ELISA法检测各组大鼠右侧腓肠肌组织中肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素（IL）-6、IL-10含量；Western blot法检测各组大鼠腓肠肌组织中沉默信息调节因子1（SIRT1）、肌肉细胞特异性环指蛋白1（MuRF1） 、核因子红细胞2相关因子2（NRF2）和线粒体转录因子A（TFAM）的蛋白表达水平。结果: 与空白对照组比较，模型组大鼠右侧膝关节直径增大（P<0.01），膝关节间隙变窄伴骨赘形成、软骨下骨反应性增生；股直肌肌肉厚度、羽状角及横截面积减小（P<0.01）；腓肠肌细胞线粒体肿胀，肌纤维排列紊乱无序，肌节结构被破坏，Z线断裂不连续；腓肠肌组织TNF-α、IL-6含量均升高（P<0.01），IL-10含量降低（P<0.01）；腓肠肌组织MuRF1蛋白表达升高（P<0.01），SIRT1、NRF2和TFAM蛋白表达降低（P<0.01）。与模型组比较，各治疗组以上指标均逆转（P<0.01，P<0.05）。各治疗组间比较，电针组肌肉厚度低于其他两组（P<0.01），羽状角小于艾灸组（P<0.01），肌肉横截面积高于艾灸组（P<0.05），腓肠肌组织IL-10含量高于其他两组（P<0.01），电针组和艾灸组腓肠肌MuRF1蛋白表达较毫针组降低（P<0.01）。结论: 毫针、电针和艾灸均能改善膝关节肿胀，改善肌肉组织超微结构和肌纤维，调节腓肠肌组织炎性因子水平，并通过调节肌肉萎缩相关蛋白SIRT1/MuRF1和NRF2/TFAM改善膝骨关节炎，3种方法疗效差异不显著。.
Keywords: Electroacupuncture; Filiform acupuncture; Knee osteoarthritis; Moxibustion; Muscle atrophy; Muscle inflammation.
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