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Review
. 2025 Feb 17;6(2):e497.
doi: 10.1002/bco2.497. eCollection 2025 Feb.

A systematic review of outcomes associated with patients admitted to hospital with emergency haematuria

Nikki Kerdegari  1 , Raghav Varma  2 , Simona Ippoliti  3 , Cameron Alexander  4 , Arjun Nathan  5 , Kevin Gallagher  6 , Sinan Khadhouri  7 , Kevin Byrnes  8 , Nikita Bhatt  9 , Veeru Kasivisvanathan  10
Affiliations
Review

A systematic review of outcomes associated with patients admitted to hospital with emergency haematuria

Nikki Kerdegari et al. BJUI Compass. .

Abstract

Objective: Unscheduled admission for haematuria accounts for 15% of all urological emergencies with over 25 000 patients admitted each year in the UK. It is associated with prolonged admission and poor clinical outcomes. This systematic review aims to determine current management strategies and outcomes in these patients.

Methods: A systematic search was performed in October 2023 across MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science for randomised controlled trials and retrospective and prospective observational studies assessing the management of patients admitted as an emergency with haematuria. The primary outcome measure was the length of stay (LoS). Secondary outcomes included hospital readmission, mortality and health resource use.

Results: Three eligible publications with a total of 219 patients were identified. Mean length of stay was 5.8 days. The pooled mean age of unscheduled emergency haematuria was 74.8 years and 87.9% of patients were male. Bladder cancer was present in 17% of patients and, similarly, prostate cancer was present in 17% of patients.

Conclusions: Unscheduled admission for haematuria is associated with long LoS. This systematic review has demonstrated a lack of data reporting outcomes of unscheduled haematuria and its management strategies. There is a need to perform large-scale prospective studies to better understand this cohort of patients.

Keywords: bladder cancer; emergency; unscheduled haematuria.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
PRISMA flowchart of studies. From: Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 2021;372:n71. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n71 For more information, visit: http://www.prisma‐statement.org/
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Risk of bias analysis using ROBINS‐I and RoB2 for non‐randomised studies of interventions and randomised trials, respectively.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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