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. 2025 Feb;16(1):59-71.
doi: 10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0267. Epub 2025 Feb 17.

Effectiveness of a brain exercise program using game-based cognitive enhancement to reduce mild cognitive impairment among older adults in Pathum Thani Province, Thailand: a quasi-experimental study

Panida Kunrit  1 , Phannathat Tanthanapanyakorn  1 , Nonlapan Khantikulanon  2 , Sootthikarn Mungkhunthod  1 , Chaninan Praserttai  2 , Sasipa Rungrungrueang  1 , Wanwisa Phonmamuang  1
Affiliations

Effectiveness of a brain exercise program using game-based cognitive enhancement to reduce mild cognitive impairment among older adults in Pathum Thani Province, Thailand: a quasi-experimental study

Panida Kunrit et al. Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2025 Feb.

Abstract

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is prevalent among older adults and may progress to dementia. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a game-based brain exercise program in reducing MCI among older adults.

Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted with 2 groups of older participants in Pathum Thani Province, Thailand. A total of 96 individuals with Thai mental state examination (TMSE) scores between 12 to 23, indicating MCI but no dementia diagnosis, were recruited. Using multi-stage sampling, participants were divided into an intervention group (n=48) and a control group (n=48). The intervention group participated in a 6-week game-based brain exercise program, while the control group received a self-administered brain exercise manual. Face-to-face interviews assessed outcomes at baseline, post-intervention, and 3-month follow-up. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and repeated-measures analysis of variance.

Results: Significant differences were observed in mean TMSE scores and MCI knowledge between the intervention and control groups at the 3-month follow-up (p<0.001). The intervention group showed significant increases in TMSE scores and MCI knowledge post-intervention and at 3-month follow-up (p<0.001).

Conclusion: The findings suggest that a game-based brain exercise program can improve cognitive function in older adults. Healthcare professionals can implement such programs to reduce MCI by addressing planning, management, and related issues in the future.

Keywords: Aged; Brian exercise program; Cognitive dysfunction.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
The flowchart of sampling and measurements timeline.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Mean scores of mild cognitive impairments as measured by Thai mental state examination (TMSE) scores between the intervention and control group in 3 tests.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Mean scores of knowledge of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) between the intervention and control group in 3 tests.
None
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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