All authors and their laboratorys could potentially receive funding from European influenza research and response funding. The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (New York, NY, USA) has filed patent applications relating to SARS-CoV-2 serological assays, Newcastle disease virus-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, influenza virus vaccines, and influenza virus therapeutics that list FK as coinventor, and FK has received royalty payments from some of these patents. Mount Sinai has spun out a company, Kantaro, to market serological tests for SARS-CoV-2 and another company, Castlevax, to develop SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. FK is cofounder and scientific advisory board member of Castlevax and cofounder of Amovir. FK has consulted for Merck, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), Sanofi, Curevac, Seqirus, and Pfizer and is currently consulting for 3rd Rock Ventures, Gritstone, and Avimex. FK and his team are also collaborating with Dynavax on influenza vaccine development and with VIR on influenza virus therapeutics. RJC is deputy chair of International Society for Influenza and other Respiratory Virus Diseases, acts as an advisor to the European Medicines Agency and WHO. MB is coordinator of the EU Horizon programme-funded project KAPPA-FLU about understanding the connectivity and dynamics of avian influenza. MB is part of a project for the development of SARS-CoV-2 live vaccines where the Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut receives funding from RocketVaxx, Basel, Switzerland. IHB currently leads a UK-funded research consortium addressing emerging issues in relation to H5 high pathogenicity avian influenza in birds and animals. GG is speaker of the Leibniz Lab Pandemic Preparedness funded by the Leibniz Association. AGS' laboratory has received research support from GSK, Pfizer, Senhwa Biosciences, Kenall Manufacturing, Blade Therapeutics, Avimex, Johnson & Johnson, Dynavax, 7Hills Pharma, Pharmamar, ImmunityBio, Accurius, Nanocomposix, Hexamer, N-fold, Model Medicines, Atea Pharma, Applied Biological Laboratories, and Merck. AGS has consulting agreements for the following companies involving cash, stock, or both: Castlevax, Amovir, Vivaldi Biosciences, Contrafect, 7Hills Pharma, Avimex, Pagoda, Accurius, Esperovax, Applied Biological Laboratories, Pharmamar, CureLab Oncology, CureLab Veterinary, Synairgen, Paratus, Pfizer, Virofend, and Prosetta. AGS has been an invited speaker in meeting events organised by Seqirus, Janssen, Abbott, AstraZeneca, and Novavax. AGS is inventor on patents and patent applications on the use of antivirals and vaccines for the treatment and prevention of virus infections and cancer, owned by the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. RG is a consortium member of the Vaccine Effectiveness, Burden, and Impact Studies financed by the European Center for Disease Control and is a member of the Portuguese Technical Commission for Seasonal Vaccination (Influenza, COVID-19). PH receives funding from the National Philanthropic Trust for research on influenza. PH is the co-chief investigator of the RECOVERY randomised controlled trial, which is evaluating treatments for severe influenza. F Hoffmann-La Roche has supplied oseltamivir and baloxavir marboxil free of charge for use in this trial. PH has received payment for consulting services to Vir Biotechnology. MK is co-lead of the Humanities in the European Research Area-funded DURABLE preparedness research network. NSL is funded as a principal investigator by the EU Horizon programme-funded project KAPPA-Flu, by The European Food Safety Authority for establishing capacities for active surveillance of highly pathogenic avian influenza in wild birds, by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases through the Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Response to undertake surveillance risk and response of swine and avian influenza viruses, and receives funding from the National Philanthropic Trust for research on influenza, from International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations to support development of potential vaccine strains for influenza and from the Medical Research Council to investigate evolutionarily smart vaccine strain selection for proactive vaccinology for SARS-CoV-2. NSL has been an invited speaker at meetings sponsored by influenza vaccine manufacturers, but has received no honoraria. SM received research and educational grants and personal fees as advisory board member or speaker from GSK, Merck Sharp & Dohme (MSD), Novavax, Pfizer, Sanofi, Viatris, BioNTech, and Moderna. IM is affiliated with the EU Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, which receives funding from the EU to support its activities. HN is a member of the National Immunization Technical Advisory Group of the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, and chairman of WHO SAGE. AO is founding director of the Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, coordinator of EU Horizon influenza vaccine projects ISOLDA and ENDFLU, CSO, and co-founder of CR2O, and ad-hoc consultant, invited speaker, and scientific advisory board member to pharmaceutical companies. RP has consulted for MSD, GSK, Sanofi, and Pfizer. GFR is receiving support from the EU Horizon programme-funded projects ISOLDA and ENDFLU. The University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover has filed a patent application regarding an influenza vaccine on which GFR is listed as inventor. XS has received research support from Sanofi. CaT is the director of the EU Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, which receives funding from the EU to support its activities. All other authors declare no additional competing interests.