Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2025 Feb;30(7):2500102.
doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.7.2500102.

Interim 2024/25 influenza vaccine effectiveness: eight European studies, September 2024 to January 2025

Angela Mc Rose  1   2   3 , Héloïse Lucaccioni  1   2 , Kimberly Marsh  4 , Freja Kirsebom  5 , Heather Whitaker  5 , Hanne-Dorthe Emborg  6 , Amanda Bolt Botnen  7 , Mark G O'Doherty  8 , Francisco Pozo  9   10 , Safraj Shahul Hameed  4 , Nick Andrews  5 , Mark Hamilton  4 , Ramona Trebbien  7 , Karina Lauenborg Møller  11 , Diogo Fp Marques  1 , Siobhan Murphy  8 , Ross McQueenie  4 , Jamie Lopez-Bernal  5 , Simon Cottrell  12 , Magda Bucholc  8 , Esther Kissling  1   3 ; European IVE group  13 ; Members of the European IVE group
Collaborators, Affiliations

Interim 2024/25 influenza vaccine effectiveness: eight European studies, September 2024 to January 2025

Angela Mc Rose et al. Euro Surveill. 2025 Feb.

Erratum in

  • Erratum for Euro Surveill. 2025;30(7).
    Eurosurveillance editorial team. Eurosurveillance editorial team. Euro Surveill. 2025 Mar;30(11):240320c. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.11.240320c. Euro Surveill. 2025. PMID: 40116029 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

Abstract

The 2024/25 influenza season in Europe is currently characterised by co-circulation of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and B/Victoria viruses, with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 predominating. Interim vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates from eight European studies (17 countries) indicate an all-age influenza A VE of 32-53% in primary care and 33-56% in hospital settings, with some signals of lower VE by subtype and higher VE against influenza B (≥ 58% across settings). Where feasible, influenza vaccination should be encouraged and other prevention measures strengthened.

Keywords: Europe; influenza; multicentre study; test-negative design; vaccine effectiveness.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest: Aukse Mickiene has received a grant for the Independent Investigator Initiated Research (Project Code/PO/Tracking Number WI236259; Grant ID#53233947); Pfizer R&D Investigator-Initiated Research program (https://www.pfizer.com/science/collaboration/investigator-initiated-research) for the scientific project “A prospective study on the long-term outcome and pathogenesis of tick-borne encephalitis”, and a Grant from the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) Study Group for Infectious Diseases of the Brain (ESGIB); sponsorship for participation in the international scientific conferences by MSD, Pfizer, Abbvie, Janssen, payments for lectures in local scientific conferences and consultation fees from GSK, Sanofi, Pfizer, E-visit. Ligita Jancoriene has received honoraria fees for lectures from Pfizer, Viatris, Swixx Biopharma.

None of the other authors has declared any conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
European countries contributing resultsa for interim influenza vaccine effectiveness, influenza season 2024/25 (n = 17)
Figure 2
Figure 2
Proportion of influenza virus infections, eight European studies, interim influenza season 2024/25 (n = 27,170)a
Figure 3
Figure 3
Interim vaccine effectiveness overall, against influenza A subtypes and influenza B, by age and target group for vaccination and by study, eight European studies, influenza season 2024/25
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. World Health Organization (WHO). Recommended composition of influenza virus vaccines for use in the 2024-2025 northern hemisphere influenza season. Geneva: WHO; 2024. Available from: https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/influenza/who-influenza-re...
    1. Kissling E, Valenciano M, Falcao J, Larrauri A, Widgren K, Pitigoi D, et al. "I-MOVE" towards monitoring seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccine effectiveness: lessons learnt from a pilot multi-centric case-control study in Europe, 2008-9. Euro Surveill. 2009;14(44):19388. 10.2807/ese.14.44.19388-en - DOI - PubMed
    1. Kissling E, Pozo F, Martínez-Baz I, Buda S, Vilcu A-M, Domegan L, et al. Influenza vaccine effectiveness against influenza A subtypes in Europe: Results from the 2021-2022 I-MOVE primary care multicentre study. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2023;17(1):e13069. 10.1111/irv.13069 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Rondy M, Kissling E, Emborg HD, Gherasim A, Pebody R, Trebbien R, et al. Interim 2017/18 influenza seasonal vaccine effectiveness: combined results from five European studies. Euro Surveill. 2018;23(9):18-00086. 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.9.18-00086 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Fukushima W, Hirota Y. Basic principles of test-negative design in evaluating influenza vaccine effectiveness. Vaccine. 2017;35(36):4796-800. 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.07.003 - DOI - PubMed

MeSH terms

Substances

LinkOut - more resources