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. 2025 Feb;30(7):2500084.
doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.7.2500084.

Early vaccine effectiveness estimates against medically attended laboratory-confirmed influenza based on influenza surveillance, Beijing, China, 2024/25 season

Ying Sun  1   2   3 , Weixian Shi  1   2 , Daitao Zhang  1   2   3 , Chunna Ma  1   2 , Zhaomin Feng  1   2   3 , Jiaojiao Zhang  1   2 , Dan Wu  1   2 , Li Zhang  1   2 , Jia Li  1   2 , Wei Duan  1   2 , Yingying Wang  1   2 , Jiaxin Ma  1   2 , Lu Zhang  1   2 , Xiaodi Hu  1   2 , Peng Yang  1   2   3 , Quanyi Wang  1   2   3
Affiliations

Early vaccine effectiveness estimates against medically attended laboratory-confirmed influenza based on influenza surveillance, Beijing, China, 2024/25 season

Ying Sun et al. Euro Surveill. 2025 Feb.

Abstract

We estimated early influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) for the 2024/25 season in outpatients, in Beijing using a test-negative design. A(H1N1)pdm09 dominated (99.3%), all sequenced strains (n = 38) clustered in clade 6B.1A.5a.2a, and 37 of 38 antigenically similar to the vaccine strain. VE against any influenza virus infection was 48.5% (95% CI: 34.8-59.5) and 48.7% (95% CI: 35.1-59.7) against A(H1N1)pdm09. Vaccination in the current or previous season against any influenza showed a VE of 52.5% to 54.9%, compared to no vaccination in both seasons.

Keywords: A(H1N1)pdm09; early epidemic; influenza; vaccine effectiveness.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest: None declared.

Figures

Figure
Figure
Phylogenetic analysis of the haemagglutinin (HA) gene of the influenza circulating A(H1N1)pdm09 virus strains (n = 38) compared to reference vaccine strains, Beijing, China, week 44 2024−week 2 2025
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