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Case Reports
. 2024 Dec 17;18(1):61-67.
doi: 10.1159/000541722. eCollection 2025 Jan-Dec.

Therapy-Related Leukemia following Docetaxel Chemotherapy for Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer: A Case Report

Chen Zhu  1 , Jian Su  1 , Zhenhua Jin  2 , Lin Yuan  1 , Yunfei Wei  1 , Yan Xu  1
Affiliations
Case Reports

Therapy-Related Leukemia following Docetaxel Chemotherapy for Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer: A Case Report

Chen Zhu et al. Case Rep Oncol. .

Abstract

Introduction: Docetaxel is the first-line drug that has been proved to improve the overall survival of men with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). For patients who survive the prostate cancer, they may be at risk of secondary neoplasm, especially for the therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome or therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML).

Case presentation: We reported a 44-year-old man with prostate cancer (cT4N1M1c) who developed t-AML following docetaxel chemotherapy. Typically, the t-AML in our case was characterized by an aberrant karyotype t(15;17)(q22;q21).

Conclusions: This case is, to our knowledge, the first time to report a patient with mHSPC who developed therapy-related acute promyelocytic leukemia following docetaxel chemotherapy, suggesting that docetaxel might contribute to the induction of t-AML.

Keywords: Case report; Chemotherapy; Docetaxel; Metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer; Therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
Wright-Giemsa stain and flow cytometric analysis of a bone marrow aspirate of the patient. a Wright-Giemsa stain of a bone marrow aspirate of the patient showing a high level of promyelocytes. b Flow cytometric analysis of bone marrow from this case according to WHO classifications.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.
FISH and karyotype of a bone marrow aspirate of the patient. a FISH using PML/RARA dual-color translocation probe for RARA and PML confirmed the presence of the PML/RARA fusion gene. b Karyogram of diagnostic bone marrow sample showing t(15;17)(q22;q21). FISH, fluorescence in situ hybridization.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3.
Time course changes of serum PSA levels and therapeutic agents.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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