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. 2025 Feb;31(2):345-349.
doi: 10.3201/eid3102.241652.

Outbreak of Serotype 1 Invasive Pneumococcal Disease, Kibera Urban Informal Settlement, Nairobi, Kenya, 2023

Terry Komo, Patrick K Munywoki, Maria da Gloria Carvalho, Joshua Auko, Alice Ouma, Allan Audi, George O Agogo, Daniel Omondi, Arthur Odoyo, Herine Odiembo, Newton Wamola, Mike Osita, Clayton Onyango, Naomi Lucchi, Peninah Munyua, Amy Herman-Roloff, Shanda Larson, Sopio Chochua, Fabiana C Pimenta, Godfrey Bigogo, Jennifer R Verani

Outbreak of Serotype 1 Invasive Pneumococcal Disease, Kibera Urban Informal Settlement, Nairobi, Kenya, 2023

Terry Komo et al. Emerg Infect Dis. 2025 Feb.

Abstract

Use of 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Kenya has led to substantial reductions in vaccine-type pneumococcal carriage and invasive pneumococcal disease. However, analysis of recent surveillance data indicates an outbreak of vaccine-type serotype 1 in 2023 in Kibera, Kenya. Continued monitoring of invasive pneumococcal disease in Kenya is warranted.

Keywords: 10-valent pneumococcal vaccine; Kenya; Kibera; Nairobi; Streptococci; Streptococcus pneumoniae; bacteria; outbreak; pneumococcal diseases; respiratory infections; vaccines.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Serotype distribution among invasive pneumococcal disease cases, Kibera Urban Informal Settlement, Nairobi, Kenya, January 1, 2018–August 20, 2024. Other PCV10 serotypes are those common to Synflorix 10-valent PCV (GlaxoSmithKline, https://www.gsk.com) and Pneumosil 10-valent PCV (Serum Institute of India, https://www.seruminstitute.com) (5, 6B, 7F, 9V, 15, 19F, and 23F), Synflorix unique (4 and 18C), and Pneumosil unique (6A and 19A). PCV10, 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; ST1, serotype 1.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Serotype distribution among invasive pneumococcal disease carriage isolates, Kibera Urban Informal Settlement, Nairobi, Kenya, January 1, 2018–August 20, 2024. Other PCV10 serotypes are those common to Synflorix 10-valent PCV (GlaxoSmithKline, https://www.gsk.com) and Pneumosil 10-valent PCV (Serum Institute of India, https://www.seruminstitute.com) (5, 6B, 7F, 9V, 15, 19F, and 23F), Synflorix unique (4 and 18C), and Pneumosil unique (6A and 19A). PCV10, 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; ST1, serotype 1.
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