Extraction of mango seed kernels via super fluid extraction and their anti-H. pylori, anti-ovarian and anti prostate cancer properties

Abstract

Despite the discovery of many plant-based drugs, research is still ingoing, in addition to using safer and more effective methods in the extraction process. Presently, Super Fluid Extraction (SFE) was applied to extract the mango seed kernels (MSK) at two operating temperatures 30 and 50 °C with studying their biological activities. MSK extract via SFE at operating temperatures 30 °C showed high yield 0.268 g compared to that at 50 °C. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis demonstrated high content of compounds such as gallic acid (68503.01 µg/mL), chlorogenic acid (6541.68 µg/mL), ferulic acid (2555.12 µg/mL) and ellagic acid (2479.42 µg/mL) MSK while at 50 °C the concentrations were low. Helicobacter pylori was highly inhibited by MSK extract via SFE at operating temperature 30 °C with inhibition zone 29.17 ± 0.29 mm, MIC 15.62 µg/mL and MBC 31.25 µg/mL, while at operating temperature 50 °C the inhibition zone was 24.67 ± 0.58 mm, MIC was 62.5 µg/mL and MBC was 125 µg/mL. Moreover, low hemolysis was recorded by H. pylori treated by MSK extract via SFE at operating temperature 30 °C compared to that at 50 °C. Excellent antioxidant with IC₅₀ values of 4.34 and 10.5 µg/mL was recorded for MSK extract via SFE at operating temperatures 30 °C and 50 °C, respectively. The recorded IC₅₀ values 151.64 ± 0.53 and 73.81 ± 1.68 µg/mL compared to IC₅₀ 202.83 ± 1.78 µg/mL and 85.78 ± 0.52 µg/mL indicated the efficacy of MSK extract via SFE at operating temperature 30 °C compared to that at 50 °C against prostate (PC3), and ovarian (SK-OV3) cancer cells lines, respectively.

Keywords: Helicobacter pylori; Mangifera indica; Cancer; Extraction; Seed kernels.

Fig. 1

Illustrating the performed process in the current investigation on the kernels extract.

Fig. 2

Chromatogram of recognized phenols and flavonoids in MKS extract at operating temperature 30 °C of SFE via HPLC.

Fig. 3

Chromatogram of recognized phenols and flavonoids in MSK extract at operating temperature 50 °C of SFE via HPLC.

Fig. 4

Inhibition of H. pylori by mango seed kernels extract via SFE at two temperatures 30 °C (A), 50 °C (B), standard (S) and DMSO (negative control).

Fig. 5

Hemolytic potential of H. pylori at different MIC concentrations (%) of MSK extract via SFE at operating temperature 30 °C (A) and 50 °C (B).

Fig. 6

Hemolytic ability of H. pylori at different MIC concentrations (%) of MSK extract using SFE at operating temperature 30 °C (A) and 50 °C (B). 1, untreated; 2, 25%; 3, 50%; 4, 75%, and 5, positive control.

Fig. 7

DPPH scavenging (%) at different doses of mango seed kernels extract using SFE at operating temperature 30 °C (A), 50 °C (B), and ascorbic acid.

Fig. 8

Effect of different doses of MSK extracts using SFE at operating temperature 30 °C (A) and 50 °C (B) on PC3 cell line.

Fig. 9

Effect of different doses of MSK extracts using SFE at operating temperature 30 °C (A) and 50 °C (B) on SKOV3 cell line.

Fig. 10

Effect of various doses of MSK extract on morphological fetures of PC3. Control (A), 31.25 µg/mL (B), 62.5 µg/mL (C), 125 µg/mL (D), 250 µg/mL (E), 500 µg/mL (F), and 1000 µg/mL (G) of the extract via SFE at operating temperature 30 °C. The existence of number (2) with the letters pointed the treatment by extract via SFE at operating temperature 50 °C.

Fig. 11

Effect of various doses of MSK extract on morphological fetures of SKOV3. Control (A), 31.25 µg/mL (B), 62.5 µg/mL (C), 125 µg/mL (D), 250 µg/mL (E), 500 µg/mL (F), and 1000 µg/mL (G) of the extract via SFE at operating temperature 30 °C. The existence of number (2) with the letters pointed the treatment by extract via SFE at operating temperature 50 °C.