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Review
. 2025 Feb 21;24(1):61.
doi: 10.1186/s12944-024-02425-1.

Lipids dysregulation in diseases: core concepts, targets and treatment strategies

Tikam Chand Dakal #  1 , Feng Xiao #  2 , Chandra Kanta Bhusal  3   4 , Poorna Chandrika Sabapathy  3 , Rakesh Segal  3   4 , Juan Chen  5 , Xiaodong Bai  6
Affiliations
Review

Lipids dysregulation in diseases: core concepts, targets and treatment strategies

Tikam Chand Dakal et al. Lipids Health Dis. .

Abstract

Lipid metabolism is a well-regulated process essential for maintaining cellular functions and energy homeostasis. Dysregulation of lipid metabolism is associated with various conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic syndromes. This review explores the mechanisms underlying lipid metabolism, emphasizing the roles of key lipid species such as triglycerides, phospholipids, sphingolipids, and sterols in cellular physiology and pathophysiology. It also examines the genetic and environmental factors contributing to lipid dysregulation and the challenges of diagnosing and managing lipid-related disorders. Recent advancements in lipid-lowering therapies, including PCSK9 inhibitors, ezetimibe, bempedoic acid, and olpasiran, provide promising treatment options. However, these advancements are accompanied by challenges related to cost, accessibility, and patient adherence. The review highlights the need for personalized medicine approaches to address the interplay between genetics and environmental factors in lipid metabolism. As lipidomics and advanced diagnostic tools continue to progress, a deeper understanding of lipid-related disorders could pave the way for more effective therapeutic strategies.

Keywords: Cardiovascular disease (CVD); Cholesterol; Dyslipidemia; Lipid metabolism; Lipidomics; Phospholipids; Triglycerides.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not Applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Lipid metabolism disorder
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Pathophysiological pathway from obesity to neurodegenerative diseases
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Mechanisms contributing to neurodegenerative disorders related to lipid dysregulation
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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