Impact of Traumatic Dental Injuries on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Among Primary School Children in Dar es Salaam

Abstract

Objectives: Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) are a significant concern in pediatric populations, affecting children's oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and overall development. This study aims to examine TDI prevalence, types, risk factors, and impacts on OHRQoL among Tanzanian school children.

Materials and methods: Employing a cross-sectional analytical approach, the study assessed TDIs in school children aged 8-10 in Ilala district, Tanzania, using a multistage cluster sampling technique. Data collection employed structured questionnaires and clinical examinations, applying Ellis and Davey's classification and the Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ 8-10) for TDIs and OHRQoL assessments, respectively. Statistical analyses included frequency distributions, chi-square, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests, and binary logistic regression.

Results: Among 501 participants, 25.1% reported previous oral trauma with a TDI prevalence of 37.5%. Crown fractures were the most common injury (79.8%), with significant associations found between TDI prevalence and inadequate lip coverage (p = 0.037) and overjet (p < 0.001). Over 60% experienced an oral impact, notably in oral symptoms (52.5%), emotional well-being (25.1%), and functional limitation (22.8%) domains. Children with TDIs showed higher OHRQoL impacts on emotional and social well-being domains.

Conclusions: The high prevalence of TDIs among Tanzanian school children significantly impacts their OHRQoL, emphasizing the need for comprehensive pediatric dental care approaches that encompass preventive strategies and address the multifaceted aspects of oral health.

Keywords: Tanzania; child; oral health; quality of life; tooth injuries.