Gut microbiota: A new window for the prevention and treatment of neuropsychiatric disease

Abstract

Under normal physiological conditions, gut microbiota and host mutually coexist. They play key roles in maintaining intestinal barrier integrity, absorption, and metabolism, as well as promoting the development of the central nervous system (CNS) and emotional regulation. The dysregulation of gut microbiota homeostasis has attracted significant research interest, specifically in its impact on neurological and psychiatric disorders. Recent studies have highlighted the important role of the gut- brain axis in conditions including Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), and depression. This review aims to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms by which gut microbiota affect the progression of CNS disorders via the gut-brain axis. Additionally, we discuss the current research landscape, identify gaps, and propose future directions for microbial interventions against these diseases. Finally, we provide a theoretical reference for clinical treatment strategies and drug development for AD, PD, and depression.

Keywords: gut microbiota; gut-brain axis; microbial intervention; neuropsychiatric disease.

Figure 1.

Mechanisms by which gut microbiota regulate neuropsychiatric disorders via the gut- brain axis.

Figure 2.

Gut microbiota involvement in the regulation of the gut-brain axis through the nervous system.

Figure 3.

The gut microbiota regulates the gut-brain axis through bile acids.