Strategies to Manage Obesity: Lifestyle

Abstract

The treatment of obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is complex, and a variety of strategies are effective in the lifestyle interventions associated with these disease states. An interdisciplinary approach is the most effective treatment with the best results and outcomes. The lifestyle management of obesity includes interventions in nutrition, exercise, and behavioral health-all key components in managing most chronic illnesses. Effective nutrition interventions include the Mediterranean diet, DASH diet, and incorporation of more plant-based food options. Exercise is tailored to individual needs and emphasizes a gradual progression and incremental change with both aerobic and resistance training to manage weight and cardiovascular disease. Behavioral health focuses on practicing mindfulness, active self-awareness, sleep quality, stress management, and the use of therapy in overcoming barriers to success. These lifestyle factors are key in managing weight and cardiovascular disease.

Keywords: behavioral health; cardiovascular disease; diet; exercise; interprofessional approach; lifestyle; mental health; nutrition; obesity.

Figure 1

Percent distribution of adults aged 18 and over who met 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans for aerobic and muscle strengthening activities. Used with permission from Elgaddal et al. and CDC.