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. 2025 Feb 5;13(2):374.
doi: 10.3390/biomedicines13020374.

Changes in Serum Inflammatory Markers and in Clinical Periodontal Condition After Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment in Hypertensive Patients

Francina María Escobar Arregoces  1 , Nelly S Roa  1 , Juliana Velosa-Porras  1 , Lina Velásquez Rodríguez  2 , María José Merchan  2 , Jean Carlos Villamil Poveda  1 , Liliana Otero  1 , Álvaro J Ruiz  3   4 , Catalina Latorre Uriza  1
Affiliations

Changes in Serum Inflammatory Markers and in Clinical Periodontal Condition After Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment in Hypertensive Patients

Francina María Escobar Arregoces et al. Biomedicines. .

Abstract

Background: Chronic inflammatory disorders, such as periodontitis, may contribute to pro-hypertensive inflammation.

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze changes in parameters for periodontitis, such as periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) and serum inflammatory markers, following non-surgical periodontal treatment in hypertensive patients.

Methods: A quasi-experimental pre-and-post study was conducted, involving 42 controlled hypertensive patients with periodontitis. The patients underwent periodontal assessment and tests, including complete blood count, glucose, triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C, and serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers. All patients received scaling and root planning treatment in a single session and were reevaluated one month after the treatment.

Results: Post-treatment evaluations showed significant improvements in periodontal inflammation parameters, such as pocket depth, attachment level, bleeding on probing, and biofilm percentage, with statistically significant differences (p < 0.001). There were decreases in serum VEGF levels (p < 0.001) and reductions in PISA associated with declines in cytokine levels such as IL-10, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-17A, and VEGF. PISA for IL-6 and IL-10 had a positive correlation before periodontal treatment and with IL-1β and IL-10 after treatment.

Conclusions: Hypertensive patients with periodontitis who underwent non-surgical periodontal treatment showed improvements in their periodontal condition, a decrease in cytokine levels such as VEGF, and reductions in PISA associated with declines in cytokines such as IL-10, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-17A, and VEGF. These findings confirm the role of inflammation in hypertensive patients with periodontitis.

Keywords: cytokines; hypertension; inflammation mediators; periodontal debridement; periodontal disease; periodontal infection; periodontitis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Changes in serum cytokine levels after periodontal treatment: Each figure (triangle, circle, square, or diamond) represents the amount of each cytokine per subject in pg/mL; green indicates the cytokine concentration pre-treatment, and blue indicates post-treatment. The black bars show the average and standard deviation for each analysis group, and the dashed red line illustrates the cutoff point for each cytokine, which determines whether values are above (abnormal) or below (normal). * p ≤ 0.05 in the Wilcoxon test.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Comparison and dynamics of serum cytokine levels after periodontal treatment and changes in periodontal diagnosis: H/G: Healthy/Gingivitis; PSIIIGA: Periodontitis stage III Grade A, PSIIIGB: Periodontitis stage III Grade B; PSIVGA: Periodontitis stage IV Grade A; PSIVGB: Periodontitis stage IV Grade B. Each point represents the amount of each cytokine per subject in pg/mL, and the dashed red line illustrates the cutoff point for each cytokine, which determines whether values are above (abnormal) or below (normal).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Changes in serum cytokine levels and PISA before and after periodontal treatment. Each symbol represents the amount of each cytokine per subject in pg/mL (y axis) with PISA in mm2 (x axis).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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