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Review
. 2025 Feb 12;13(2):447.
doi: 10.3390/biomedicines13020447.

Harnessing Pharmacomultiomics for Precision Medicine in Diabetes: A Comprehensive Review

Dhoha Dhieb  1 , Dana Mustafa  1 , Maryam Hassiba  1 , May Alasmar  2 , Mohamed Haitham Elsayed  1 , Ameer Musa  3 , Mahmoud Zirie  2 , Kholoud Bastaki  1
Affiliations
Review

Harnessing Pharmacomultiomics for Precision Medicine in Diabetes: A Comprehensive Review

Dhoha Dhieb et al. Biomedicines. .

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the fastest-growing non-communicable disease worldwide, accounting for around 90% of all diabetes cases and imposing a significant health burden globally. Due to its phenotypic heterogeneity and composite genetic underpinnings, T2D requires a precision medicine approach personalized to individual molecular profiles, thereby shifting away from the traditional "one-size-fits-all" medical methods. This review advocates for a thorough pharmacomultiomics approach to enhance precision medicine for T2D. It emphasizes personalized treatment strategies that enhance treatment efficacy while minimizing adverse effects by integrating data from genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, transcriptomics, microbiomics, and epigenomics. We summarize key findings on candidate genes impacting diabetic medication responses and explore the potential of pharmacometabolomics in predicting drug efficacy. The role of pharmacoproteomics in prognosis and discovering new therapeutic targets is discussed, along with transcriptomics' contribution to understanding T2D pathophysiology. Additionally, pharmacomicrobiomics is explored to understand gut microbiota interactions with antidiabetic drugs. Emerging evidence on utilizing epigenomic profiles in improving drug efficacy and personalized treatment is also reviewed, illustrating their implications in personalized medicine. In this paper, we discuss the integration of these layers of omics data, examining recently developed paradigms that leverage complex data to deepen our understanding of diabetes. Such integrative approaches advance precision medicine strategies to tackle the disease by better understanding its complex biology.

Keywords: personalized therapy; pharmacoepigenomics; pharmacogenomics; pharmacometabolomics; pharmacomicrobiome; pharmacomultiomics; pharmacoproteomics; pharmacotranscriptomics; precision medicine; type 2 diabetes.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors M.A. and M.Z. are employed by Hamad Medical Corporation. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Advancing T2D management through multiomics integration in personalized treatment versus standard therapeutic approaches.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Integrative omics strategy in precision medicine.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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