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. 2025 Feb 1;16(2):175.
doi: 10.3390/genes16020175.

Transcriptional Regulatory Network of the Embryonic Diapause Termination Process in Artemia

Bin Wang  1 , Zhen He  1 , Mingzhi Zhang  1 , Ruiqi Zhang  1 , Zhentao Song  1 , Anqi Li  2 , Tong Hao  1
Affiliations

Transcriptional Regulatory Network of the Embryonic Diapause Termination Process in Artemia

Bin Wang et al. Genes (Basel). .

Abstract

Artemia is a typical animal used for the study of the diapause mechanism. The research on the regulation mechanism of diapause mainly focuses on the occurrence and maintenance of diapause. There are few studies on the mechanism of embryonic pause termination (EDT), especially for its transcriptional regulation mechanism. This study integrated transcriptional regulatory data from ATAC-seq and gene expression data from RNA-seq to explore the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms involved in the EDT process. Through integrated analysis, four important transcription factors (TFs), SVP, MYC, RXR, and SMAD6, were found to play a role in the EDT process, in which SVP, MYC, and RXR were upregulated, while SMAD6 was downregulated in the EDT stage. Through co-expression analysis, a transcription regulatory network for these four TFs was constructed and the functions of the TFs were analyzed. The expression of the TFs was further verified by RT-qPCR. Through functional analysis, SVP was found to be predominantly involved in cell adhesion and signal transduction. MYC probably played a role in protein binding. RXR may function in the process of RNA binding and the transfer of phosphorus-containing groups. Smad6 regulated the signal transduction, cell adhesion, and oxidation-reduction processes. The expression of the key TFs was verified by RT-qPCR. The results of this work provide important clues for the mechanism of transcriptional regulation in the EDT process of Artemia.

Keywords: Artemia; diapause; embryonic pause termination; regulatory network; transcription factor.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The workflow diagram for this work.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Co-expression analysis of DETF and DEGs. SCC: Spearman correlation coefficient. Each row represents a DEG. (A) Co-expression of DEGs with SVP; (B) Co-expression of DEGs with MYC; (C) Co-expression of DEGs with RXR; (D) Co-expression of DEGs with Smad6.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Transcriptional regulatory network of the EDT process in Artemia. TF was represented by pink diamonds and their target genes were colored with blue circles. The green line stands for positive regulation; the red line stands for negative regulation.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The results of RT-qPCR for the DETFs. ‘***’ represents the p < 0.001 significance level; ‘****’ represents the p < 0.0001 significance level.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Expression of the target genes for the DETFs at 0 h, 30 min, and 5 h after EDT. (A) Expression of the target genes for Smad6; (B) Expression of the target genes for MYC; (C) Expression of the target genes for RXR; (D) Expression of the target genes for SVP.
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