Advancements in Diagnostic Methods and Imaging Technologies in Dentistry: A Literature Review of Emerging Approaches

Abstract

Introduction: Recent advancements in diagnostic imaging technologies have significantly improved the field of dental medicine. This review examines these new imaging techniques and their impact on enhancing accuracy, enabling early detection, and facilitating effective treatment planning in dentistry. Methods: A bibliometric and content analysis was conducted on 61 peer-reviewed articles retrieved from the Scopus database, published between 2019 and 2024. The selection criteria focused on studies exploring advances in dental diagnosis through innovative imaging methods and personalized techniques for identifying oral pathologies. The bibliometric approach analyzed publication trends, while content analysis categorized emerging technologies and their clinical applications. Results: Our findings indicate a notable shift towards integrating cutting-edge technologies, including Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT), artificial intelligence (AI), and biosensors. These advancements have significantly improved diagnostic accuracy, particularly in complex cases such as periodontal diseases, dental fractures, and oral infections. Studies demonstrate that molecular diagnostics and AI-driven algorithms enhance the personalization of treatment plans, optimizing patient outcomes. Conclusions: Emerging diagnostic technologies have the potential to enhance both the quality and efficiency of dental care. However, their implementation is challenged by high costs, the need for specialized training, and disparities in access. Future research should focus on refining AI-driven diagnostic models, addressing regulatory considerations, and expanding the clinical validation of novel imaging tools. As these technologies evolve, they are expected to increase diagnostic specificity, leading to more precise, patient-centered treatment approaches. Ultimately, these advancements offer substantial opportunities to transform dental practice by providing faster, less invasive, and more reliable diagnoses.

Keywords: artificial intelligence; biosensors; cone beam computed tomography; dentistry; diagnostic; imaging; technologies.

Figure 1

Flowchart of the article selection process in the Scopus database, from initial identification to final inclusion for abstract reading.

Figure 2

Frequency of papers published per year between 2019 and 2023.

Figure 3

Publication trends of top 10 journals.

Figure 4

Global distribution of publications (2019–2024).

Figure 5

Word cloud visualization of frequently and repeatedly used words about diagnosis.

Figure 6

Word cloud visualization of frequently and repeatedly used words about surgery.

Figure 7

Word cloud visualization of frequently and repeatedly used words about imaging.

Figure 8

Word cloud visualization of frequently and repeatedly used words about biomaterials.