Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, and Biological Activity of Extracts and Non-Volatile Compounds from Lantana camara L. and Semisynthetic Derivatives-An Updated Review

Abstract

Lantana camara L., commonly known as pigeon berry, is a herbaceous plant of growing scientific interest due to the high medicinal value. In fact, despite being categorized as an invasive species, it has been used for a long time to treat different diseases thanks to the many biological activities. Triterpenes, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, and iridoid glycosides are the bioactive compounds naturally occurring in L. camara that have demonstrated anticancer, antifilarial, nematocidal, antibacterial, insecticidal, antileishmanial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. The aim of this review is to update the information concerning the chemistry and biological activity of L. camara extracts and their constituents, including semisynthetic derivatives, revising the literature until June 2024. We believe that the data reported in this review clearly demonstrate the importance of the plant as a promising source of medicines and will therefore stimulate further investigations.

Keywords: Lantana camara; Verbenaceae; biological activity; ethnobotany; phytochemistry.

Figure 4

Structures of compounds 3, and 6–15.

Figure 5

Structures of compounds 16, 17, and 19–30.

Figure 6

Structures of compounds 31–47.

Figure 7

Structures of compounds 48–74.

Figure 8

Structures of compounds 75–90.

Figure 9

Structures of compounds 91–96.

Figure 10

Structures of compounds 97–107 and 109–120.

Figure 11

Structures of compounds 121–127.

Figure 12

Structures of compounds 128–138.

Figure 13

Structures of compounds 139–151.

Figure 14

Structures of compounds 152, 153, and 159–168.

Figure 1

Lantana camara L.: (A) entire plant; (B) flowers; (C) fruits (photos by the authors).

Figure 2

Worldwide distribution of Lantana camara L. [11].

Figure 3

Flowchart for the search process and selection of the studies considered for the review.