Cor triatriatum dexter in Dogs: A Silent Bystander or a Potential Time Bomb? A Focused Literature Review from a Professional Perspective

Abstract

Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are structural anomalies present at birth, resulting from aberrant embryonic development. In veterinary medicine, CHDs are an important reason for disease and death in both dogs and cats. Their prevalence varies across species and breeds, with certain defects being more common in specific breeds due to genetic predisposition. In this article, we will focus specifically on cor triatriatum dexter (CTD), an uncommon congenital defect that involves the division of the right atrium into two chambers by a fibromuscular membrane. This malformation can have serious consequences, depending on the severity of the obstruction created by the membrane, and the presence of the often-associated congenital anomalies. It can range from mild, clinically silent anomalies to severe defects that result in heart failure, cyanosis, or sudden death. The present review aims to (i) explore the pathophysiology of CTD in dogs; (ii) outline the clinical scenario underlying the increased interest in CHDs by overviewing the evolution of appropriate diagnostic techniques and the treatment options available; and (iii) provide a discussion from a medical-legal and ethical point of view.

Keywords: atrial defect; cardiac anomaly; congenital heart diseases; dog.

Figure 1

Decision tree for managing CTD in dogs based on disease severity and clinical presentation.

Figure 2

A stepwise decision tree for approaching CTD in dogs.