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. 2025 Feb 7;17(2):231.
doi: 10.3390/v17020231.

Cytomegalovirus Antibodies and Coronary Artery Disease in People with HIV: A Cohort Study

Moises Alberto Suarez-Zdunek  1 , Andreas Dehlbæk Knudsen  1   2 , Andreas Fuchs  2 , Nikolai Søren Kirkby  3 , Thomas Benfield  4   5 , Jan Gerstoft  5   6 , Marius Trøseid  7   8 , Sisse Rye Ostrowski  5   9 , Lars Valeur Køber  2   5 , Klaus Fuglsang Kofoed  2   5 , Susanne Dam Nielsen  1   5
Affiliations

Cytomegalovirus Antibodies and Coronary Artery Disease in People with HIV: A Cohort Study

Moises Alberto Suarez-Zdunek et al. Viruses. .

Abstract

People with HIV (PWH) have a high risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Cytomegalovirus (CMV) co-infection is very common in PWH, but little is known about its association with CAD. We aimed to investigate if CMV IgG serostatus and concentrations are associated with CAD in PWH. From the Copenhagen Comorbidity in HIV Infection (COCOMO) Study we included PWH with coronary CT angiography (CCTA) and quantitative CMV IgG concentration measurements. We measured the stenosis grades and plaque volumes in the coronary vessels. Using multivariable regressions adjusted for traditional CAD risk factors, we investigated if CMV IgG serostatus and concentrations were associated with any atherosclerosis, obstructive CAD, or plaque volumes. We included 620 PWH of whom 586 had positive CMV serostatus, which was not associated with any atherosclerosis, obstructive CAD, or plaque volumes. A doubling of CMV IgG concentrations was associated with any atherosclerosis (OR 1.21 [95% CI: 1.06-1.39]), obstructive CAD (OR 1.31 [95% CI: 1.07-1.59]), and higher total plaque volume (1.56 [95% CI: 1.21-2.01] fold increase), but the association did not remain significant after adjustment for traditional CAD risk factors. This indicates that CMV IgG serostatus and concentrations are not independently associated with prevalent CAD in PWH.

Keywords: HIV; coronary artery disease; cytomegalovirus.

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Conflict of interest statement

M.A.S.-Z., A.D.K., A.F., N.S.K., J.G., M.T., S.R.O., L.V.K. and K.F.K. report no conflicts. T.B. reports grants from Novo Nordisk Foundation, Lundbeck Foundation, Simonsen Foundation, GSK, and Pfizer; personal fees from GSK, Pfizer, Bavarian Nordic, Gilead, MSD, Janssen, Moderna, and Astra Zeneca; outside the submitted work. S.D.N. has received the Dr Sofus Carl Emil Friis and Wife Olga Doris Friis Scholarship and honoraria from Gilead and MSD and has served on advisory boards for Gilead, MSD, and GSK. The sponsors had no role in the design, execution, interpretation, or writing of the study.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Associations of cytomegalovirus antibodies with coronary artery disease. CMV, cytomegalovirus. Model 1: age, sex, and smoking. Model 2: age, sex, smoking, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidaemia. Model 3: age, sex, smoking, and current CD4+ T cell count. OR, odds ratio. CI, confidence interval. β, regression coefficient to be interpreted as a fold increase in total plaque volume. The circles represent OR for any atherosclerosis and obstructive coronary artery disease, or β for total plaque volumes, respectively, with the horizontal lines representing the associated 95% CI.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Associations of cytomegalovirus antibodies with plaque composition and extensive disease. CMV, cytomegalovirus. Model 1: age, sex, and smoking. Model 2: age, sex, smoking, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidaemia. Model 3: age, sex, smoking, and current CD4+ T cell count. OR, odds ratio. CI, confidence interval. β, regression coefficient to be interpreted as a fold increase in total plaque volume. The circles represent OR for extensive coronary artery disease or β for plaque volumes, respectively, with the horizontal lines representing the associated 95% CI.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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