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. 2025 Mar-Apr;15(2):228-233.
doi: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.01.015. Epub 2025 Feb 9.

Evaluating the role of inflammatory biomarkers as a diagnostic tool in peri-implantitis

Ayan Saxena  1 , Pavitra Kumar Rastogi  1 , Nand Lal  1 , Umesh Pratap Verma  1 , Rameshwari Singhal  1 , Md Kaleem Ahmad  2
Affiliations

Evaluating the role of inflammatory biomarkers as a diagnostic tool in peri-implantitis

Ayan Saxena et al. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2025 Mar-Apr.

Abstract

Background: Most studies have analyzed the presence of cytokines in Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in different periodontal diseases, but very limited studies have been conducted on Peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) in peri-implantitis.

Aim: The present study was conceptualized to explore the levels of Interleukin (IL)-1β and Interleukin (IL)-6 as a diagnostic marker in peri-implantitis.

Materials and methods: A total of 40 patients each having at least one dental implant were enrolled in the study. Clinical parameters were recorded around each implant and tooth nearest to it. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF)/Peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) was collected to evaluate the concentration of IL-1β and IL-6. Conservative treatment was performed in peri-implantitis cases, 3 months after treatment their clinical parameters, IL-1β and IL-6 levels were recorded and compared with their pre-treatment values.

Results: Clinical parameters like Modified Plaque Index (MPI), Modified Bleeding Index (MBI) and Probing Pocket Depth (PPD) were statistically significantly higher in the peri-implantitis group as compared to the healthy implant group and healthy teeth group. IL-1β and IL-6 levels were also statistically significantly higher in the peri-implantitis group in comparison to healthy implants and healthy teeth group.

Conclusion: The study concludes that biomarkers in PICF can be used as a diagnostic tool to supplement the diagnosis of peri-implantitis along with the use of clinical parameters to make an early diagnosis of peri-implantitis possible.

Keywords: Healthy implant; Interleukin-1β; Interleukin-6; Peri-implantitis.

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Conflict of interest statement

Nil (see Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6)Fig. 1IOPA of healthy implant case.Fig. 1Fig. 2Pooled PICF collection from healthy implant site.Fig. 2Fig. 3IOPA of implant suffering from peri-implantitis.Fig. 3Fig. 4Pooled PICF collection from peri-implantitis site.Fig. 4Fig. 5Pooled GCF collection from healthy teeth nearest to peri-implantitis site.Fig. 5Fig. 6Performing conservative therapy in peri-implantitis case.Fig. 6

Figures

Image 1
Graphical abstract
Fig. 1
Fig. 1
IOPA of healthy implant case.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Pooled PICF collection from healthy implant site.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
IOPA of implant suffering from peri-implantitis.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Pooled PICF collection from peri-implantitis site.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Pooled GCF collection from healthy teeth nearest to peri-implantitis site.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Performing conservative therapy in peri-implantitis case.
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