Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2025 Aug 1;141(2):298-302.
doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000007432. Epub 2025 Feb 27.

Presidential Anesthetics and the 25th Amendment

Robert Johnstone  1 , Oluwakemi Tomobi  1 , David L Hepner  2 , Ronald Harter  3
Affiliations

Presidential Anesthetics and the 25th Amendment

Robert Johnstone et al. Anesth Analg. .
No abstract available

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest, Funding: Please see DISCLOSURES at the end of this article.

References

    1. Guba JE, Chase PD. Anthrax and the President, 1789. Washington Papers:1. https://washingtonpapers.org/anthrax-and-the-president-1789/. Accessed January 27, 2025.
    1. Dr Zebra. The medical history of US presidents. https://doctorzebra.com/prez/g_roster.htm. Accessed January 27, 2025.
    1. The presidential fitness test. NY Time. www.nytimes.com/2024/02/16/opinion/trump-biden-presidential-fitness.html. Accessed January 27, 2025.
    1. Reyburn R. Clinical history of the case of President James Abram Garfield. JAMA. 1894;XXII:621–464.
    1. Murray M, Pappas TN, Powers DB. Maxillary prosthetics, speech impairment, and presidential politics: how Grover Cleveland was able to speak normally after his “secret” operation. Surg J (N Y). 2019;6:e1–e6. - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources