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. 2025 Feb 27;74(6):83-90.
doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7406a2.

Interim Estimates of 2024-2025 Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness - Four Vaccine Effectiveness Networks, United States, October 2024-February 2025

Aaron M Frutos, Seana Cleary, Emily L Reeves, Haris M Ahmad, Ashley M Price, Wesley H Self, Yuwei Zhu, Basmah Safdar, Ithan D Peltan, Kevin W Gibbs, Matthew C Exline, Adam S Lauring, Sarah W Ball, Malini DeSilva, Sara Y Tartof, Kristin Dascomb, Stephanie A Irving, Nicola P Klein, Brian E Dixon, Toan C Ong, Ivana A Vaughn, Stacey L House, Kiran A Faryar, Mary Patricia Nowalk, Manjusha Gaglani, Karen J Wernli, Vel Murugan, Olivia L Williams, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Geoffrey A Weinberg, Mary A Staat, Natasha B Halasa, Leila C Sahni, Marian G Michaels, Janet A Englund, Marie K Kirby, Diya Surie, Fatimah S Dawood, Benjamin R Clopper, Heidi L Moline, Ruth Link-Gelles, Amanda B Payne, Elizabeth Harker, Kristina Wielgosz, Zachary A Weber, Duck-Hye Yang, Nathaniel M Lewis, Jennifer DeCuir, Samantha M Olson, Jessie R Chung, Brendan Flannery, Lisa A Grohskopf, Carrie Reed, Shikha Garg, Sascha Ellington; CDC Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Collaborators
Collaborators, Affiliations

Interim Estimates of 2024-2025 Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness - Four Vaccine Effectiveness Networks, United States, October 2024-February 2025

Aaron M Frutos et al. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. .

Abstract

Annual influenza vaccination is recommended for all persons aged ≥6 months in the United States. Interim influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) was calculated among patients with acute respiratory illness-associated outpatient visits and hospitalizations from four VE networks during the 2024-25 influenza season (October 2024-February 2025). Among children and adolescents aged <18 years, VE against any influenza was 32%, 59%, and 60% in the outpatient setting in three networks, and against influenza-associated hospitalization was 63% and 78% in two networks. Among adults aged ≥18 years, VE in the outpatient setting was 36% and 54% in two networks and was 41% and 55% against hospitalization in two networks. Preliminary estimates indicate that receipt of the 2024-2025 influenza vaccine reduced the likelihood of medically attended influenza and influenza-associated hospitalization. CDC recommends annual receipt of an age-appropriate influenza vaccine by all eligible persons aged ≥6 months as long as influenza viruses continue to circulate locally.

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Conflict of interest statement

All authors have completed and submitted the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors form for disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. Basmah Safdar reports travel support from Novo Nordisk and Danish Heart Foundation, and membership in Society of Academic Emergency Medicine. Ithan D. Peltan reports institutional support from National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Intermountain Research and Medical Foundation, Bluejay Diagnostics, and Novartis; travel support from Novartis. Kevin W. Gibbs reports grants or contracts from the Department of Defense, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), and the National Institutes of Health; travel support to Critical Care Reviews 24; and participation on the Vanderbilt University Medical Center Data Safety Monitoring Board. Adam S. Lauring reports institutional support from Roche, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Flulab; and consulting fees from Roche. Sarah W. Ball reports institutional support from the University of Utah and Novavax. Sara Y. Tartof reports institutional support from Pfizer including receipt of vaccines for a study. Nicola P. Klein reports institutional support from Sanofi Pasteur, Merck, Pfizer, Seqirus, and GSK; membership on an expert panel for a planned hepatitis E Phase II vaccine clinical trial among pregnant women in Pakistan; membership in Western States COVID-19 Scientific Safety Review Workgroup, Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine, and National Vaccine Advisory Committee Safety Subcommittee. Toan C. Ong reports receipt of travel support to attend the PCORI Annual Meeting in 2023 in Washington D.C. and the OHIE 23 meeting in Malawi. Stacey L. House reports institutional support from Seegene, Inc., Abbot, Healgen, Roche, CorDx, Hologic, Cepheid, Janssen, and Wondfo Biotech. Kiran A. Faryar reports institutional support from Gilead Sciences. Mary Patricia Nowalk reports institutional support from Sanofi Pasteur and Icosavax/AstraZeneca; consulting fees from GSK, Merck, Sharpe, and Dohme; Stock from Eli Lilly and Abbot Labs; and receipt of equipment from Sequiris and Sanofi. Manjusha Gaglani reports receipt of honorarium for educational webinar presentation on respiratory viruses from the Texas Pediatric Society, Texas Chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics, and serving as co-chair of the Infectious Diseases and Immunization Committee and Chair of the Texas Respiratory Syncytial Virus Taskforce, Texas Pediatric Society. Rangaraj Selvarangan reports honoraria from BioMérieux and GSK. Geoffrey A. Weinberg reports institutional support from the New York State Department of Health; consulting fees from Inhalon Biopharma, New York State Department of Health, and ReViral; participation on a Scientific Advisory Board for Emory University; and honoraria from Merck. Mary A. Staat reports institutional support from the National Institutes of Health, Pfizer, and Cepheic; royalties from Up-to-Date; and consulting fees from Merck. Natasha B. Halasa reports institutional support from Merck; consulting fees from CSL Seqirus; and participation on an advisory Board for Emory University. Leila C. Sahni reports travel support from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Marian G. Michaels reports institutional support from the National Institutes of Health; Merck and complimentary meeting attendance for presentation at the American Transplant Congress on respiratory viruses; and participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board for National Institute on Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Janet A. Englund reports institutional support from AstraZeneca, GSK, Pfizer, and Moderna; consulting fees from Abbvie, AstraZeneca, GSK, Merck, Meissa Vaccines, Moderna, Pfizer, Shionogi, and Cidarra; and honoraria from Pfizer. Zachary A. Weber reports institutional support from Novavax. Samantha M. Olson reports travel support from the Gates Foundation. No other potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.

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