The Asian Pacific association for the study of the liver clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease

Mohammed Eslam¹, Jian-Gao Fan², Ming-Lung Yu³, Vincent Wai-Sun Wong⁴, Ian Homer Cua⁵, Chun-Jen Liu⁶, Tawesak Tanwandee⁷, Rino Gani⁸, Wai-Kay Seto^{9

10}, Shahinul Alam¹¹, Dan Yock Young¹², Saeed Hamid¹³, Ming-Hua Zheng¹⁴, Takumi Kawaguchi¹⁵, Wah-Kheong Chan¹⁶, Diana Payawal¹⁷, Soek-Siam Tan¹⁸, George Boon-Bee Goh^{19

20}, Simone I Strasser²¹, Hang Dao Viet²², Jia-Horng Kao²³, Won Kim²⁴, Seung Up Kim²⁵, Shelley E Keating²⁶, Yusuf Yilmaz²⁷, Lubna Kamani²⁸, Chia-Chi Wang²⁹, Yasser Fouad³⁰, Zaigham Abbas³¹, Sombat Treeprasertsuk³², Kessarin Thanapirom³², Mamun Al Mahtab³³, Undram Lkhagvaa³⁴, Oidov Baatarkhuu³⁵, Ashok Kumar Choudhury³⁶, Catherine A M Stedman³⁷, Abhijit Chowdhury³⁸, A Kadir Dokmeci³⁹, Fu-Sheng Wang⁴⁰, Han-Chieh Lin⁴¹, Jee-Fu Huang⁴², Jess Howell^{43

44

45

46}, Jidong Jia⁴⁷, Mohamed Alboraie⁴⁸, Stuart K Roberts⁴⁹, Masato Yoneda⁵⁰, Hasmik Ghazinian⁵¹, Aram Mirijanyan⁵¹, Yuemin Nan⁵², Cosmas Rinaldi Adithya Lesmana⁵³, Leon A Adams⁵⁴, Gamal Shiha⁵⁵, Manoj Kumar⁵⁶, Necati Örmeci⁵⁷, Lai Wei⁵⁸, George Lau^{59

60}, Masao Omata^{61

62}, Shiv K Sarin⁶³, Jacob George⁶⁴

Affiliations

¹ Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia. mohammed.eslam@sydney.edu.au.
² Center for Fatty Liver, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Key Lab of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
³ Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal MedicineCollege of Medicine and Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort ResearchFaculty of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, School of Medicine, College of MedicineSchool of Medicine and Doctoral Program of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medicine and Center of Excellence for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
⁴ Medical Data Analytics Centre, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
⁵ Institute of Digestive and Liver Diseases, St. Luke's Medical Center, Global City, Philippines.
⁶ Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal MedicineHepatitis Research CenterGraduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
⁷ Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
⁸ Department of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary Division, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Pangeran Diponegoro Road No. 71St, Central Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia.
⁹ Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
¹⁰ Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
¹¹ Department of Hepatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbag, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
¹² Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
¹³ Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
¹⁴ MAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for The Development of Chronic Liver Disease in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China.
¹⁵ Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
¹⁶ Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
¹⁷ Department of Medicine, Cardinal Santos Medical Center, Mandaluyong, Philippines.
¹⁸ Department of Hepatology, Selayang Hospital, Batu Caves, Malaysia.
¹⁹ Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
²⁰ Medicine Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
²¹ AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
²² Internal Medicine Faculty, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
²³ Graduate Institute of Clinical MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineHepatitis Research CenterDepartment of Medical Research, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, National Taiwan University Hospital, 1 Chang-Te Street, 10002, Taipei, Taiwan.
²⁴ Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
²⁵ Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, 50-1, Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
²⁶ School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
²⁷ Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey.
²⁸ National Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan.
²⁹ Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation and School of Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Taipei, Taiwan.
³⁰ Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endemic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Cairo, Egypt.
³¹ Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Dr.Ziauddin University Hospital, Clifton, Karachi, Pakistan.
³² Division of Gastroenterology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
³³ Department of Hepatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
³⁴ Department of Health Policy, School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
³⁵ Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
³⁶ Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, 110070, India.
³⁷ University of Otago, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand.
³⁸ Department of Hepatology, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India.
³⁹ Department of Medicine, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
⁴⁰ Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Chinese PLA Medical School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
⁴¹ Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 201, Section 2, Shipai RdNo. 155, Section 2, Linong St, Beitou District, Taipei City, 112, Taiwan.
⁴² Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal MedicineCollege of Medicine and Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort ResearchFaculty of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
⁴³ Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
⁴⁴ Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3008, Australia.
⁴⁵ Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia.
⁴⁶ Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3165, Australia.
⁴⁷ Liver Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine On Liver Cirrhosis, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China.
⁴⁸ Department of Internal Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt.
⁴⁹ Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Central Clinical School, The Alfred, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
⁵⁰ Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
⁵¹ Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Yerevan Medical Scientific Center, Yerevan, Armenia.
⁵² Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
⁵³ Department of Medicine, Medistra Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
⁵⁴ Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
⁵⁵ Hepatology and Gastroenterology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egyptian Liver Research Institute and Hospital (ELRIAH), Sherbin, El Mansoura, Egypt.
⁵⁶ Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India.
⁵⁷ Department of Gastroenterohepatology, Istanbul Health and Technology University, Istanbul, Turkey.
⁵⁸ Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
⁵⁹ Humanity and Health Medical Group, Humanity and Health Clinical Trial Center, Hong Kong SAR, China.
⁶⁰ The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
⁶¹ Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan.
⁶² University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
⁶³ Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India. shivsarin@gmail.com.
⁶⁴ Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.

PMID: 40016576
DOI: 10.1007/s12072-024-10774-3

Practice Guideline

The Asian Pacific association for the study of the liver clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease

Mohammed Eslam et al. Hepatol Int. 2025 Apr.

. 2025 Apr;19(2):261-301.

doi: 10.1007/s12072-024-10774-3. Epub 2025 Feb 27.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia. mohammed.eslam@sydney.edu.au.
² Center for Fatty Liver, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Key Lab of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
³ Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal MedicineCollege of Medicine and Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort ResearchFaculty of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, School of Medicine, College of MedicineSchool of Medicine and Doctoral Program of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medicine and Center of Excellence for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
⁴ Medical Data Analytics Centre, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
⁵ Institute of Digestive and Liver Diseases, St. Luke's Medical Center, Global City, Philippines.
⁶ Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal MedicineHepatitis Research CenterGraduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
⁷ Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
⁸ Department of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary Division, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Pangeran Diponegoro Road No. 71St, Central Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia.
⁹ Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
¹⁰ Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
¹¹ Department of Hepatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbag, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
¹² Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
¹³ Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
¹⁴ MAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for The Development of Chronic Liver Disease in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China.
¹⁵ Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
¹⁶ Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
¹⁷ Department of Medicine, Cardinal Santos Medical Center, Mandaluyong, Philippines.
¹⁸ Department of Hepatology, Selayang Hospital, Batu Caves, Malaysia.
¹⁹ Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
²⁰ Medicine Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
²¹ AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
²² Internal Medicine Faculty, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
²³ Graduate Institute of Clinical MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineHepatitis Research CenterDepartment of Medical Research, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, National Taiwan University Hospital, 1 Chang-Te Street, 10002, Taipei, Taiwan.
²⁴ Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
²⁵ Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, 50-1, Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
²⁶ School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
²⁷ Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey.
²⁸ National Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan.
²⁹ Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation and School of Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Taipei, Taiwan.
³⁰ Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endemic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Cairo, Egypt.
³¹ Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Dr.Ziauddin University Hospital, Clifton, Karachi, Pakistan.
³² Division of Gastroenterology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
³³ Department of Hepatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
³⁴ Department of Health Policy, School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
³⁵ Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
³⁶ Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, 110070, India.
³⁷ University of Otago, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand.
³⁸ Department of Hepatology, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India.
³⁹ Department of Medicine, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
⁴⁰ Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Chinese PLA Medical School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
⁴¹ Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 201, Section 2, Shipai RdNo. 155, Section 2, Linong St, Beitou District, Taipei City, 112, Taiwan.
⁴² Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal MedicineCollege of Medicine and Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort ResearchFaculty of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
⁴³ Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
⁴⁴ Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3008, Australia.
⁴⁵ Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia.
⁴⁶ Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3165, Australia.
⁴⁷ Liver Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine On Liver Cirrhosis, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China.
⁴⁸ Department of Internal Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt.
⁴⁹ Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Central Clinical School, The Alfred, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
⁵⁰ Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
⁵¹ Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Yerevan Medical Scientific Center, Yerevan, Armenia.
⁵² Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
⁵³ Department of Medicine, Medistra Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
⁵⁴ Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
⁵⁵ Hepatology and Gastroenterology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egyptian Liver Research Institute and Hospital (ELRIAH), Sherbin, El Mansoura, Egypt.
⁵⁶ Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India.
⁵⁷ Department of Gastroenterohepatology, Istanbul Health and Technology University, Istanbul, Turkey.
⁵⁸ Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
⁵⁹ Humanity and Health Medical Group, Humanity and Health Clinical Trial Center, Hong Kong SAR, China.
⁶⁰ The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
⁶¹ Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan.
⁶² University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
⁶³ Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India. shivsarin@gmail.com.
⁶⁴ Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.

PMID: 40016576
DOI: 10.1007/s12072-024-10774-3

Abstract

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) affects over one-fourth of the global adult population and is the leading cause of liver disease worldwide. To address this, the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) has created clinical practice guidelines focused on MAFLD. The guidelines cover various aspects of the disease, such as its epidemiology, diagnosis, screening, assessment, and treatment. The guidelines aim to advance clinical practice, knowledge, and research on MAFLD, particularly in special groups. The guidelines are designed to advance clinical practice, to provide evidence-based recommendations to assist healthcare stakeholders in decision-making and to improve patient care and disease awareness. The guidelines take into account the burden of clinical management for the healthcare sector.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Conflict of interest: LAA has served as an advisory board member or speaker for Novo Nordisk, CSL Behring and Gilead. ME has received personal fees from Pfizer and honoraria from Sanofi. JG is on advisory boards and receives honoraria for talks from Novo Nordisk, AstraZeneca, Roche, BMS, Pfizer, Cincera, Pharmaxis and Boehringer Mannheim. JH has received competitive grant funding from Gilead Sciences and speaker fee and ad board support from Roche and Astra-Zeneca, none relevant to this clinical guideline. JFH has received research grant from Gilead, Bristol-Myer-Squibb, serves as a consultant for Roche, Sysmex, Boehringer Ingelheim, Aligos, and has been a speaker for AbbVie, Gilead, Merck, Sysmex, and Novo Nordisk. WK has received honoraria and served in an advisory role for Gilead, Boehringer-Ingelheim, GSK, Novo Nordisk, Samil, Ildong, LG Chemistry, YUHAN, Hanmi, HK Inoen, Standigm, PharmaKing, KOBIOLABS, Olix Pharma, TSD Life Sciences, Daewoong, QUEST, Therasid Bioscience, Korea United Pharm, and Eisai; has received research funding from GSK, Gilead, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Springbank, Altimmune, Ildong, DaeWoong, Dicerna, Celgene, Hanmi, Novo Nordisk, Galmed, Enyo. TK received lecture fees from ASKA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kowa Company, Ltd., AbbVie GK., Eisai Co., Ltd., Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd., Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., EA Pharma Co., Ltd. and KOBIOLABS; holds stock in KOBIOLABS and Lepidyne; and is the founder of Remedygen Incorporation. SKR is a member of the Advisory Board for Novo Nordisk. The other authors disclose no conflicts. SIS has received honoraria for advisory boards or speaking from Roche, Astra Zeneca, Ipsen, Eisai, Sirtex, BMS, MSD, AbbVie, Gilead Sciences, Norgine, Astellas, Novartis, Pfizer, CSL-Behring, Dr Falk Pharma, Chiesi, Novo Nordisk. WKS received speaker’s fees from Echosens, is an advisory board member and received speaker's fees from Abbott, received research funding from Astrazeneca, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Boehringer Ingelheim, Pfizer and Ribo Life Science, and is an advisory board member, received speaker’s fees and research funding from Gilead Sciences. VW has provided consultancy services to AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Echosens, Eli Lilly, Gilead Sciences, Intercept, Inventiva, Merck, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Sagimet Biosciences, TARGET PharmaSolutions, and Visirna; has delivered lectures for Abbott, AbbVie, Echosens, Gilead Sciences, Novo Nordisk, and Unilab; has received research grants from Gilead Sciences; and he is a co-founder of Illuminatio Medical Technology, in which he holds stock. MLY has research support from Abbvie, Abbott Diagnostic, BMS, Gilead, Merck and Roche diagnostics; served as a consultant of Abbott, Abbvie, Abbott Diagnostic, BMS, Gilead, Roche and Roche diagnostics and a speaker of Abbvie, BMS, Eisai, Gilead, Roche and Roche diagnostics. YY has served as a consultant for Zydus, Cymabay, and Novo Nordisk, and as a speaker for Echosens. MHZ has received honoraria for lectures from AstraZeneca, Hisky Medical Technologies and Novo Nordisk, consulting fees from Boehringer Ingelheim. Outside their participation in this work. The other authors disclose no conflicts. Ethical approval and Informed consent.: Not applicable.

References

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1. Kawaguchi T, Tsutsumi T, Nakano D, Eslam M, George J, Torimura T. MAFLD enhances clinical practice for liver disease in the Asia-Pacific region. Clin Mol Hepatol. 2022;28(2):150–163 - PubMed - DOI
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1. Chan KE, Koh TJL, Tang ASP, Quek J, Yong JN, Tay P, et al. Global prevalence and clinical characteristics of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis and systematic review of 10 739 607 individuals. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022;107(9):2691–2700 - PubMed - DOI

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The Asian Pacific association for the study of the liver clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease

Affiliations

The Asian Pacific association for the study of the liver clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Medical