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Review
. 2025 May 1;20(3):310-317.
doi: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000922. Epub 2025 Feb 24.

Mpox and the impact on people with HIV

Mauricio Teixeira Lima  1   2 , Erna Geessien Kroon  1 , Marco Antônio Campos  3
Affiliations
Review

Mpox and the impact on people with HIV

Mauricio Teixeira Lima et al. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. .

Abstract

Purpose of review: This review explores the intersection of Mpox and HIV, highlighting clinical manifestations, immune evasion mechanisms, epidemiological challenges, and prevention strategies. People with HIV (PWH), particularly those with low CD4 + cell count, face severe Mpox outcomes. Prevention relies on education, vaccination, and early detection. Integrating Mpox management into HIV care systems is vital.

Recent findings: Since May 2022, Mpox caused by Orthopoxvirus monkeypox (MPV) Clade IIb, has affected 126 countries. In 2024, Clade Ib emerged in the Democratic Republic of Congo, leading to its declaration as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). Research on MPV-HIV co-infections has provided genomic insights and protective strategies for PWH. Antivirals like tecovirimat show promise despite emerging resistance concerns.

Summary: The global Mpox outbreak caused by Clade IIb and the emergence of Clade Ib underscores its growing threat. Mpox disproportionately impacts PWH, leading to severe outcomes and higher fatality rates. This review emphasizes clinical challenges, genomic advances, and prevention strategies. Enhanced surveillance, vaccination, and tailored therapies are essential to addressing this evolving health crisis.

Keywords: HIV; Mpox; immunomodulation.

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References

    1. World Health Organization. 2022–24 Mpox (monkeypox) outbreak: global trends. 2024. [cited 2024 Dec 10]. Available at: https://worldhealthorg.shinyapps.io/mpx_global/#4_Global_situation_update .
    1. Pan American Health Organization. Epidemiological alert: Mpox (MPXV clade I). 2024. [cited 2024 Aug 8]. Available from: https://www.paho.org/sites/default/files/2024-08/2024-aug-8-phe-epi-aler...
    1. Sah R, Apostolopoulos V, Mehta R, et al. Mpox strikes once more in 2024: declared again as a public health emergency of international concern. Travel Med Infect Dis 2024; 61:102753.
    1. Mitjà O, Alemany A, Marks M, et al. Mpox in people with advanced HIV infection: a global case series. Lancet 2023; 401:939–949.
    1. Saldana CS, Kelley CF, Aldred BM, et al. Mpox and HIV: a narrative review. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2023; 20:261–269.

MeSH terms