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Review
. 2025 Apr;44(2):273-289.
doi: 10.1016/j.csm.2024.05.005. Epub 2024 Jun 15.

Return to Play Throwing Programs

Adrik Z Da Silva  1 , James W Connelly  1 , Peter N Chalmers  2
Affiliations
Review

Return to Play Throwing Programs

Adrik Z Da Silva et al. Clin Sports Med. 2025 Apr.

Abstract

Injuries in overhead throwers are common, and there are limited data on return to throw programs in the literature. This article outlines the criteria that baseball players should meet before initiating throwing and further describes an evidence-based throwing program that can be utilized to aid in the rehabilitation of overhead athletes and optimize chances of returning to same level of throwing. These guidelines may be used for rehabilitation after injury is treated operatively or nonoperatively.

Keywords: Baseball; Overhead athlete; Return to play; Return to throw; Ulnar collateral ligament.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure A.Z. Da Silva and J.W. Connelly: These authors have nothing to disclose. P.N. Chalmers is a paid consultant for Depuy-Mitek, Exactech, DJ Orthopedics, and Smith and Nephew; received intellectual property royalties from Depuy, Exactech, and Responsive Arthroscopy; receives publishing royalties from the Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, and has stock in TitinKM Biomedical.