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Review
. 2025 Apr;44(2):329-338.
doi: 10.1016/j.csm.2024.03.012. Epub 2024 Aug 17.

Foot and Ankle Injuries in Baseball

Andrew George  1 , Keith A Heier  2 , Kevin E Varner  3
Affiliations
Review

Foot and Ankle Injuries in Baseball

Andrew George et al. Clin Sports Med. 2025 Apr.

Abstract

Foot and ankle injuries in baseball provide unique challenges to the provider. Most foot and ankle injuries (ie, ankle sprains and contusions) can be managed non-operatively using a similar approach as in other athletic populations, but a few unique mechanisms of injury in baseball are important to be aware of. While upper extremity injuries such as ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) tears and labral tears are extensively reported on in the literature, there is a need for further baseball-specific research on foot and ankle injuries, especially given the increasing prevalence of these injuries over the past few decades.

Keywords: Baseball; Foot & ankle; Hit by pitch; Injury prevention.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure A. George – nothing to disclose. K. Varner – CONMED Linvatec: IP royalties, In2Bone: IP royalties, paid consultant, stock or stock options; K. Heier – 4Web: stock or stock options, In2Bone: IP royalties, stock or stock options.