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Review
. 2025 Apr;41(2):233-246.
doi: 10.1016/j.ccc.2024.09.003. Epub 2024 Oct 15.

Protein Delivery in Critical Care- What Have Recent Trials Shown Us?

Michelle Carmen Paulus  1 , Arthur Raymond Hubert van Zanten  2
Affiliations
Review

Protein Delivery in Critical Care- What Have Recent Trials Shown Us?

Michelle Carmen Paulus et al. Crit Care Clin. 2025 Apr.

Abstract

Determining the optimal protein intake for intensive care unit (ICU) and post-ICU patients is a multifaceted challenge. Firstly, it is essential to avoid both underdosing (<1.0 g/kg) and overdosing (>1.6 g/kg) of actual protein intake. Secondly, the actual protein intake may deviate from the prescribed amount. Thirdly, phenotyping and endotyping are becoming increasingly crucial in tailoring protein targets. Additionally, a gradual increase in protein intake is essential during the first 4 to 5 days of ICU stay. Furthermore, no established protein targets exist for post-ICU patients, indicating the need for nutritional intervention research to identify optimal protein intake strategies.

Keywords: Anabolic resistance; Critically ill; Endotyping; Intensive care unit; Nutrition; Phenotyping; Protein; UCR.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosures Prof. Dr A.R H. van Zanten reported receiving honoraria for advisory board meetings, lectures, research, and travel expenses from AOP Pharma, Abbott, Baxter, Cardinal Health, Danone-Nutricia, DIM3, Dutch Medical Food, Fresenius Kabi, GE Healthcare, InBody, Mermaid, Rousselot, and Lyric. The other author has nothing to declare.

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