RA-SS is the chief investigator of COCROACH (CRD42021246133) and reports research grants paid to the University of Edinburgh from the British Heart Foundation and the Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government; consulting fees paid to his institution from Recursion Pharmaceuticals; speakers fees paid to his institution from the European Stroke Organisation; advisory board fees paid to his institution from Novo Nordisk; salary paid to his institution from the UK Clinical Research Collaboration network of registered Clinical Trials Units; and he is an unpaid member of the Data Monitoring Committee for DO-IT trial (EU CT 2024-515561-34-00). AS reports funding paid to the Population Health Research Institute from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, US National Institutes of Health, Medical Research Future Fund, Marta and Owen Boris Foundation, Bayer AG, AstraZeneca, and Daiichi Sankyo; personal consulting fees from Bayer AG, AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Bioxodoes, VarmX, and Takeda Pharmaceuticals; personal speaker fees from Bayer AG, AstraZeneca, and Daiichi Sankyo; personal advisory board fees from Bayer AG and Alnylam; and planned patents with Bayer AG (asundexian for secondary stroke prevention) and AstraZeneca (andexanet alfa for reversal of acute FXa inhibitor-associated intracerebral haemorrhage).