Transcriptomics integrated with metabolomics reveals the defense response of insect-resistant Zea mays infested with Spodoptera exigua

Abstract

Maize (Zea mays) is one of the most important cereal crops worldwide. Insect control through host plant resistance plays an important part in improving both yield and quality of maize. Spodoptera exigua is a common insect pest causing destructive damages to maize. To comprehensively understand molecular mechanism of maize defense against S. exigua, integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses were conducted in the insect-resistant maize inbred line CML139 infested with S. exigua for 24 h. 9845 differentially expressed genes and 34 significantly changed metabolites were identified in infested leaves. Maize transcriptional response to S. exigua infestation involved in genes encoding enzymes in biosynthetic process (ribosome, glycerolipid, glycerophospholipid metabolism), genes in valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation, phenylpropanoid pathway and transcription factors. By metabolism analysis, accumulations of amino acids, organic acids, phenylpropanoids and benzoxazinoids (Bxs) were significantly enhanced, with the exception of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA). The integrated analysis of transcriptomic and metabolic data demonstrated that both transcripts and metabolites involved in phenylpropanoid and Bxs biosynthesis were differentially modulated in S. exigua infested leaves. This study is valuable in understanding the complex mechanism of interaction between plants and insect herbivores and provide a potential strategy to maize pest control.

Keywords: Maize; Spodoptera exigua; Transcriptomic and metabolic analysis.

Fig. 1

Expression patterns of caterpillar feeding induced genes and metabolites involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Values in brackets are presented genes expression fold change relative to untreated control. Different colors represent gene expression levels.

Fig. 2

Expression patterns of caterpillar feeding induced genes and metabolites involved in benzoxazinoid biosynthesis. Values in brackets are presented genes expression fold change relative to untreated control. Different colors represent gene expression levels.