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Review
. 2024 Jul 27;17(9):sfae235.
doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfae235. eCollection 2024 Sep.

Aging and chronic kidney disease: epidemiology, therapy, management and the role of immunity

Yukun Tang  1 , Jipin Jiang  1 , Yuanyuan Zhao  1   2 , Dunfeng Du  1
Affiliations
Review

Aging and chronic kidney disease: epidemiology, therapy, management and the role of immunity

Yukun Tang et al. Clin Kidney J. .

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is now an unquestionable progressive condition that affects more than 10% of the general population worldwide, and has emerged as one of the most important causes of global mortality. It is clear that the prevalence of CKD among the aging population is significantly elevated. It involves a broad range of complex and poorly understood concerns in older adults such as frailty, malnutrition, sarcopenia, and even cognitive and mental dysfunction. In kidneys, renal function such as glomerular filtration, urine concentration and dilution, and homeostasis of sodium and potassium, can be influenced by the aging process. In addition, it is worth noting that CKD and end-stage kidney disease patients often have accompanying activation of immune system and inflammation, involving both the innate and adaptive immune system. Based on this background, in this review article we attempt to summarize the epidemiological characteristics of CKD in the aging population, discuss the immunological mechanisms in aging-related CKD, and furnish the reader with processes for the therapy and management of elderly patients with CKD.

Keywords: aging; chronic kidney disease; immune system; management; therapy.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1:
Figure 1:
The definition of five stages of CKD.
Figure 2:
Figure 2:
The aging-related and other risk factors of CKD.
Figure 3:
Figure 3:
The clinical outcomes of CKD.
Figure 4:
Figure 4:
An interplay between immunosenescence and the development and progression of CKD.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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