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. 2025 Feb 1;17(2):e78328.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.78328. eCollection 2025 Feb.

Differences in Quality of Life Between Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Hassan A Alhabib  1 , Ali Alhabib  2 , Nawaf S Mohamed  2 , Lina F Serhan  3 , Abdullah Alabdullah  2 , Sara Alramadhan  2 , Ahmed J Al Habeeb  2
Affiliations

Differences in Quality of Life Between Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Hassan A Alhabib et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

Background: The World Health Organization defines health as complete physical, mental, and social well-being. Chronic diseases impact health-related quality of life (QoL). Health services for ill populations, including end-stage renal disease (ESRD), focus on QoL issues and mental health promotion. Kidney transplantation is the optimal form, but most patients require dialysis, which can be hemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD). It is believed that choosing the proper modality will help in improving patient's QoL and satisfaction rate. To help patients select the mode of dialysis that best meets their needs while they have ESRD, this study intends to investigate differences in QoL between dialysis modalities.

Methodology: It was a multicenter cross-sectional study conducted in Saudi Arabia, focusing on HD and PD patients in specific hospitals. Data was collected through a specially designed online questionnaire and analyzed with IBM SPSS 29 (IBM Corp. Released 2023. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 29.0.2.0 Armonk, NY: IBM Corp).

Results: Our study, including 307 dialysis patients in Saudi Arabia, revealed a male predominance (56.0%), primarily aged 45-64 years (43.0%), with 91.5% Saudi nationals. Employment varied (27.4% professionals), and most earned 10,000-20,000 SAR monthly (50.5%). Positive life changes post-dialysis were reported by 98.7%, with 94.5% not requiring post-dialysis absence from work. Incenter HD patients constitute 45.3% while PD patients constitute 54.7% of the study sample. Physical well-being showed significant differences in nausea (p=0.035). Social and emotional well-being exhibited acceptance variations (p=0.012) and coping satisfaction (p=0.014). Linear regression indicated monthly income impact on HD QoL (B=-3.706, p=0.075), while age influenced PD QoL (B=0.113, p=0.927).

Conclusion: Our study underscores positive life changes and minimal work absence is prevalent among dialysis patients. PD exhibits higher nausea and lower family acceptance. HD participants report greater coping satisfaction. The study reveals nuanced differences in well-being dimensions, contributing insights for tailored interventions and patient-centered care in renal replacement therapies.

Keywords: hemodialysis; nausea; nephrology; peritoneal dialysis; saudi arabia.

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Conflict of interest statement

Human subjects: Consent for treatment and open access publication was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Almaarefa University issued approval IRB23057. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Mean physical well-being of participants according to dialysis type (independent samples T-test)
**The incidence of nausea was notably higher in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis in comparison to those undergoing hemodialysis (p<0.05).
Figure 2
Figure 2. Mean social well-being of participants according to dialysis type (independent sample T-test)
**The level of family acceptance regarding the illness was significantly elevated among hemodialysis patients relative to those on peritoneal dialysis (p<0.05).
Figure 3
Figure 3. Mean social well-being of participants according to dialysis type (independent samples T-test)
**Participants on hemodialysis reported a significantly greater level of coping satisfaction than their counterparts on peritoneal dialysis (p<0.05).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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