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. 2025 Jun;37(6):e70009.
doi: 10.1111/jne.70009. Epub 2025 Mar 4.

A glucocorticoid receptor antagonist affects corticosterone but not neophobia in wild-caught house sparrows (Passer domesticus)

Marquise S Henry  1 , Melanie G Kimball  1 , Ella B Cochran  1 , Blake A Dusang  1 , William J Frazier  1 , Keegan R Stansberry  1 , Tosha R Kelly  1 , Emily G Stelling  1 , Christine R Lattin  1
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A glucocorticoid receptor antagonist affects corticosterone but not neophobia in wild-caught house sparrows (Passer domesticus)

Marquise S Henry et al. J Neuroendocrinol. 2025 Jun.

Abstract

Avoidance of novel stimuli (neophobia) affects how wild animals interact with their environment and may partly determine whether animals persist in human-altered landscapes. The neuroendocrine mediators of neophobia are poorly understood, although past work demonstrated that experimentally reducing circulating corticosterone in wild-caught house sparrows (Passer domesticus) decreased neophobia toward novel objects placed near the food dish. In this experiment, we directly tested the role of one of the two types of corticosterone receptors, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), in mediating neophobia in house sparrows by administering a GR antagonist (RU486, n = 10) or a vehicle control (peanut oil, n = 10) over 5 consecutive days and measuring responses to novel objects both pre- and post-treatment. We also measured baseline and stress-induced corticosterone in all sparrows on the final day of behavior trials. To better understand the effects of RU486 on corticosterone over time, in a separate group of sparrows (n = 12) we administered RU486 or vehicle over 5 days and took multiple blood samples to assess baseline and stress-induced corticosterone. Overall, we did not detect an effect of subcutaneous RU486 injections on neophobia behavior. However, we did find that RU486 injections significantly decreased stress-induced corticosterone levels starting 1 day post-injection and baseline corticosterone levels starting 6 days post-injection, compared to vehicle-injected controls. Our results suggest that GR is not involved in mediating neophobia behavior in house sparrows.

Keywords: HPA axis; neophobia; songbird.

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